BIOL 1361 1nd Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Miller Case StudyII. Apparatus 1III. Challenges and AdaptationsIV. HomeostasisV. Conformity versus RegulationOutline of Current LectureI. Negative FeedbackII. Regulation of blood glucoseIII. Figure 33.19IV. Retrieval of Store Glucose for UseV. Hormonal Regulation of Blood GlucoseVI. ThermoregulationVII. ThermogenesisCurrent LectureI. Negative Feedbacka. Similar to the thermostatb. Mechanism for regulating a variable at a set pointc. Fluctuations in variable = stimulusThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Stimulus detected by a sensore. Control center (“integrator”) triggers a response that returns variable to set pointi. Control center is not always the brainII. Regulation of blood [glucose]a. Glucose absorbed across intestine into bloodstreamb. Blood glucose enters liver and muscle cellsc. In cells, glucose polymerized (converted) to glycogenIII. Figure 33.19a. Glucose goes into the body cellsb. It then stores glucose as glycogenIV. Retrieval of Stored Glucose for Usea. Hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages between glucose monomersb. Glucose released from liver cells into bloodstreamc. Other cells can take up glucose from the blood to use for energyd.V. Hormonal Regulation of Blood [glucose]Stimulus SecretoryOrganHormone Target TissueResponseVariableResponse[Blood Glucose] above set Pancreas Insulin Liver MuscleImport glucoseDecrease [blood glucose]point[Blood Glucose] below set pointPancreas Glucagon Liver MuscleBreakdown glycogen; Release glucoseIncrease [blood glucose]VI. Thermoregulation a. Heat: Kinetic energy of moleculesi. Source of body heat1. Internal metabolism – endotherm2. External environment – ectothermVII. Thermogenesisa. Heat production from internal metabolismi. Non-shivering thermogenesis1. Mitochondria increase respiration rate, but release chemical energy as heat without making ATPii. Shivering thermogenesis1. Opposing muscles contract, generating
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