BIOL 1361 1nd Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Thermodynamics and MetabolismII. Free Energy (G)III. MetabolismIV. EnzymesV. Enzyme ActivityVI. InhibitorsVII. Feedback Inhibition ExampleOutline of Current Lecture I. ATPII. Free Energy of ATPIII. Chemical Work: Anabolic Reactions Building MoleculesIV. Transport Work and Mechanical WorkV. ATP RecyclingVI. Photosynthetic OrganismsVII. ChloroplastsVIII. Summary EquationIX. Two Stages of PhotosynthesisX. Light ReactionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XI. Engelmann’s Experiment 1833Current LectureI. ATP – Figure 6.8a. Recognize these structures!II. Free Energy of ATPa. ATP + H2O ADP + HOPO32- + 7.3 kcal/molb. DeltaG = -7.3 kcal/molc. **Energy is released because products have lower G than reactantsIII. Chemical Work: Anabolic Reactions Building Moleculesa. 1. ATP transfers a PO4 group to a reactantb. 2. Reactant can now react more easily with another moleculec. 3. New chemical bonds formIV. Transport Work and Mechanical Work - Figure 6.10a. 1. ATP transfers a PO4 group to a transport or contractile proteinb. 2. Protein changes shapec. 3. Solute moves or muscle proteins moveV. ATP Recycling – Figure 6.11a. The regeneration of ATP from ADP + PO4b. Rate in a muscle cell: i. 10 million (10 x 106 molecules/sec/cell)VI. Photosynthetic Organismsa. Photoautotrophsi. Auto troph = self feederii. Photo = lightb. Organisms that make their own food using light energyc. Chloroplast Anatomyi. **Be able to label the chloroplast – Fig 4.18ii. Stromaiii. Thylakoid iv. GranumVII. Chloroplastsa. Organelles that perform photosynthesisb. Contain own DNAc. Contain own ribosomesd. Contain thylakoids – membrane bound sacs with chlorophyll embedded in the membraneVIII. Summary Equationa. CO2 + H2O + energy CH2O + O2b. CO2 fixed into a 3 C sugari. CH2O is the generic abbreviation for a sugarc. H2O split into 2H+ + ½ O2 + 2e-IX. Two Stages of Photosynthesisa. Light Reactionsi. Require photons and H2Oii. Products: ATP, NADPH (reduced electron carrier), O2iii. Location: thylakoidsb. Calvin Cyclei. Carbon Fixation = incorporation of CO2 into organic moleculesii. Requires: ATP, NADPH, Co2iii. Product: Sugariv. Location: stromaX. Light Reactionsa. Convert light energy to chemical energyi. Light1. Visible light wavelengths range from 380 – 740 nmii. Pigment1. Compound that absorbs visible light2. Chlorophyll is a photosynthetic pigmentXI. Engelmann’s Experiment 1833a. Does all light stimulate photosynthesis or only certain wavelengths?b. Evidence that blue and red light are best for photosynthesis:i. O2 is produced under blue-violet and red lightc. Absorption Spectrai. Chlorophyll a absorbs (2) wavelengths bestii. Does NOT absorb green/yellow wavelengthsiii. Chlorophyll a REFLECTS
View Full Document
Unlocking...