BIOL 1361 1nd Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Review Exam 1 QuestionsII. PolymersIII. Function of NucleotidesIV. Endomembrane SystemV. Golgi ApparatusOutline of Current Lecture I. PolymerII. Polymer StructureIII. Intermediate FilamentsIV. MicrotubulesV. MicrofilamentsVI. Cellular RespirationVII. CarbohydratesVIII. Glycosidic LinkagesIX. PolysaccharidesX. Function of CarbohydratesXI. Structural SupportXII. FatsCurrent LectureI. PolymerThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Polypeptide: multiple amino acids linked by peptide bondsb. Protein: can be 1 polypeptide or multiple polypeptidesi. Overall shape1. Globular – most are this2. Fibrous – have collagenII. Polymer Structure (Fig. 3.21)a. Primary Structurei. Amino acid sequenceb. Secondary Structurei. Alpha helices and beta pleated cheatsii. Form due to hydrogen bonding between O and H of amino acid backbonec. Tertiary Structurei. 3D structure of proteinii. Folding due to interactions of side chains with each otherd. Quaternary Structurei. Protein with 2 or more polypeptides1. Ex. insulin, collagen, hemoglobinIII. Intermediate Filamentsa. Made of the protein, keratinb. Alpha helix secondary structurec. Tension-bearing elements that maintain cell shapeIV. Microtubulesa. Made of the protein, tubulinb. Provide “rails” along which other organelles movec. Attach to chromosomes during cell division, maintain organizationV. Microfilamentsa. Made of the protein, actinb. Quaternary structure – 2 polypeptides wound togetherc. Tension-bearing elementVI. Cellular Respiration (Chapter 7)a. Fueli. Steak - proteinii. Broccoli - carbsiii. Cheese – lipids and proteiniv. Tomatoes – carbsb. Glycolysis is a series of reactionsVII. Carbohydratesa. Structure of Sugarsi. Monosaccharide: (don’t have to memorize structure just be able to recognize that a structure is a monosoccharide or a sugar) The aldehydeand the hydroxyl groups will give it away! Ring structure is always popular.1. Ex. Glucose2. 6 Carbons3. Functional Groups:a. – OH Hydroxylb. – C = O CarbonylsVIII. Glycosidic Linkagea. Covalent bond between 2 sugarsb. Produced by dehydration reactionc. Disaccharide – 2 covalently bonded monosaccharidesIX. Polysaccharidea. 3 or more covalently bonded monosaccharidesb. Examples:i. Starch1. A glucose polymer produced in chloroplast2. Stored in chloroplast or in rootsii. Glycogen1. Glucose polymer made in animal cellsa. Liver and muscle cellsX. Function of Carbohydratesa. Mono - and disaccharidesi. Fuelb. Polysaccharidesi. Fuel storageii. Structural supportXI. Structural Supporta. Cellulosei. Plantsb. Chitini. Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids)XII. Fatsa. Structurei. Glycerol + fatty acidsii. Joined by ester linkage formed by
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