BIOL 1108 Edition 1nd Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Learning Objectives II Defining Populations III Bide IV Population Monitoring V Demography VI Life history VII Population Models VIII Population Regulation Outline of Current Lecture I Learning Objectives II Community III Competition IV Symbiosis V Succession VI Species Diversity VII Trophic Interactions and Structure Current Lecture I Learning Objectives These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Describe how organisms interact with one another help harm or no effect using community ecologists terminology Describe the components that make up diversity Describe food chains and food webs Relate diversity to food webs Community Organisms inhabiting the same area within which they could interact Typically referring to populations of different species Interactions o Help o Harm o No effect 0 III Competition for limited resources The species that has an advantage of getting or using a resource will outcompete the other species o This can lead to a competitive exclusion of one species Resource partitioning o Space o Character displacement slightly different morphological features to eat certain foods o Time Predation o Cryptic coloration camouflage o Aposematic coloration bright colors to warn others o Batesian mimicry a harmless species mimics a harmful one o Mullerian mimicry two unpalatable species mimic each other Herbivory o IV Grazers eat plant partially Symbiosis Two or more species that live in direct contact with one another Parasitism o Parasite gaining energy and resources from the host o Ex Tapeworm consumes host s resources and host is limited Mutualism o Both organisms benefit from each other Commensalism 0 o Only one organism is benefiting while the other doesn t gain or loss anything Facilitation or 0 o Not intimate contact o Plants decompose to fertilize the soil which benefits other species to survive V Succession Primary succession colonization of newly created habitat with no recent history of occupation extreme disturbance o Ex Retreating glacier VI VII Pioneer stage dryas stage alder state then spruce stage Secondary succession occurs when a place occupied by living things is returned to an earlier point in its ecological history modest disturbance Pioneer species are r related species that experience a j shaped curve in reproduction They tend to survive shorts be more simpler smaller and reproduce rapidly Late successional species are k selected species that experience an s shaped curve in reproduction They tend to specialize and reproduce slower Species Diversity Number of different kinds of species in an area The more diverse a habitat is the more stable it is Trophic Interactions and Structure Biomass at each level that is not consumed including waste products becomes detritus Detritivores eat detritus primary consumers Decomposition process of consuming dead organic material Keystone species a species that is not the most abundant but has a big role in the rest of the food chain in relation to the other species of the food chain keeps diversity stable Food Web Interactions By adding more species food web interactions increase with complexity In addition to direct interactions there are many indirect interactions between species How important are indirect interactions in determining net interactions
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