Chem 1100 Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Plastics & PolymersII. Common PlasticsIII. PolymerizationIV. HDPE vs. LDPEV. Addition PolymersVI. Intermolecular ForcesOutline of Current Lecture I. Condensation PolymersII. PolyamidesIII. Starch Vs. CelluloseIV. Starting Materials for PlasticsV. Paper Vs. PlasticVI. BiodegradationCurrent LectureI. Condensation Polymersa. You have your monomer and the first thing you want to do is erase one of the double bonds. Then you draw two long bonds going out on either side and draw a line through that and draw an N on the outside and that shows the repeat units. b. Some atoms from the monomer are removed in polymerization (H2O, HCl)c. Example: PETE (PET)d. Copolymer: two (or more) monomer typesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e.II. Polyamidesa. Amino acid polymersb. Form peptides and proteinsc. Addition polymer  releases waterd. Synthetic imitating naturee.III. Starch Vs. Cellulosea. Glucose Polymerb. 6 member ring – 5 are carbons and 1 is oxygen  each carbon ahas an OH bonded to it plus an H+c. Now when starch and cellulose are formed from glucose they are condensation polymers. This process is enzymatic. Normally two alcohols don’t react with each other. But the OH grabs a H+ from another OH group and it forms a new bond and links the two glucose molecules together. d. Cellulose is stronger. It’s used to make fibers (rope). It makes up the cell walls in plants.IV. Starting Materials for Plasticsa. Petroleum: mostly for fuel, 3% goes towards manufacturing plastics. It’s non renewable. b. Other sources: requires plentiful carbon source. It also requires research funding.c. Most plastic ends up in landfills. Municipal waste: 12% plastic and 31% paper.d. Paper is a large disposal probleme. Recycling: most all cities have recycling problems to make it relatively easy for you to recycle.V. Paper Vs. Plastica. Plastic is non-biodegradable. Recycling creates toxic emissions and uses toxic chemicals. Most plastics just end up in landfills.b. Incineration: burning hydrocarbons (like plastics)  this produces CO2, H2O, andenergy. This does create less volume in landfills. CO2 contributes to the greenhouse effect. Burning PVC  HCl gas  acid rain  phosgene (COCl2, toxicgas)  inks contain heavy metalsc. Low environmental damage but must be monitored.d. It can also be oxidized as an oxidation-reduction process.e. There are certain inks that are used on plastics that contain heavy metals, which are toxic and very harmful to the environment.VI. Biodegradationa. Let bacteria/fungi do the worki. Naturally polymers degraded this wayii. Enzymes can’t degrade synthetic plasticsiii. Solution: make plastics susceptible to enzyme digestionb. Paperi. Heavier and 6x’s the spaceii. Fills landfills quicklyiii. More expensive to produceiv. Slow to degrade in landfillsc. Reusei. Clean and repair products for reuseii. Less new material requirediii. Less product goes to landfilliv. Less cost goes to productiond. Recyclingi. Melt it down and remoldii. Less new plastic needediii. Less product goes to landfillsiv. Lower production coste. Reducei. Decrease production/use of plasticsii. Make bottles that use less plasticsiii. What could replace plastic?iv. It has to be safe, cheap, & easy to dispose/recyclef. Solutions: Incineration, Biodegradation, Reduce, Reuse,