Chem 1100 Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Condensation PolymersII. PolyamidesIII. Starch Vs. CelluloseIV. Starting Materials for PlasticsV. Paper Vs. PlasticVI. BiodegradationOutline of Current Lecture I. Nutrition in AmericaII. NutrientsCurrent LectureI. Nutrition in Americaa. Ready access to food (especially in the last 50-75 years)b. More sedentary lifestyles – don’t burn as many caloriesc. Overweight 61% of the US Population (26% are obese as of 2002)d. Nutritioni. Require: fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.ii. We need to have a balanced diet.iii. Having an excess of any nutrient above can lead to health problems.e. USDAi. Puts out a food guide pyramid to follow for optimum health.ii. Exercise is now a part of the food pyramidf. American Dieti. Consume fewer calories and consume less fatii. Especially saturated and trans fats – they stick together and can be hard to get rid ofiii. Partially hydrogenated oils contain these bad fats margarine, peanut butter.iv. Consume less red meat and consume less fatty protein II. Nutrientsa. Carbohydratesi. Sugars, starches, and celluloseii. General Formula: Cx(H2O)iii. Monosaccharide: simplest sugars (one ring)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Disaccharides = two monosaccharaidesv. Polysaccharides (many thousands) Main energy storage system: Starchvi. Plants use polysaccharides to build cell walls: cellulosevii. Both ^^ are polymers of glucose but arranged differentlyviii. Starch: there are two kinds in plants which are both glucose polymers1. Amylose: straight chain2. Amylopectin: branched chainb. Lipids (fats/cholesterol)i. Defined by solubility ii. Insoluble in wateriii. Fats are the largest group of lipidsiv. A fat is 3 fatty acids combined with a glycerol compoundv. Saturated fats have ZERO carbon + carbon bondsvi. They are saturated with hydrogen’s and tend to be solid at room temperature.vii. Unsaturated fats DO have carbon + carbon bonds and tend to be liquid at room temperature.viii.ix.x. Oleic acid is a liquid at room temperature. xi. There’s no nutrition you can get from a trans fat that you can’t get from a saturated or unsaturated fat.xii. Trans fats are the worst for you.c. Proteinsi. Polymers of amino acidsii. They have structural function, they are required for the cell to live, they contain C, H, N, O, and usually S, Some do reactions.iii. These reactions contain enzymes and catalystsd. Vitaminse. Mineralsf. Metabolism: life sustaining chemical reactionsi. Coordinated reactions enzyme cascadesii. Catabolism: breakdown of nutrients that produces energyiii. Anabolism: construction of cell components (DNA, Proteins)g. Line Angle Drawings leave out all of the carbons and leave all the hydrogen’s attached to the carbons that are on the
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