Chem 1100 Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. CombustionII. Bond EnergyIII. Useful ReactionsOutline of Current Lecture I. REVIEWCurrent LectureStudy Guide – Example Test Questions from each Lecture – Reviewed & Answered in Class1. Use bond energies to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction of one mole of CH4 with chlorine gas to give CH3Cl and hydrogen chloride. a. - 101 kJ/mol2. Which practices might trap CO2 so it couldn’t immediately re-enter the atmosphere? a. Planting trees & pumping CO2 deep into the ocean3. Tin (Sn) exists in Earth’s crust as SnO2. Calculate the percent composition by mass of Sn in SnO2. a. 78.77%4. What is an example of something that is not a greenhouse gas? a. O25. An increase in the amount of particulate matter (dust and smoke) in the atmosphere may result in cooler world temperatures because? a. The dust reflects solar radiation6. The energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction is called the? a. Activation energy7. For the reaction C (graphite) + O2(g)  CO2 (g) the change in H degrees = -393 kL/mol These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. BE(C–H) = 414 kJ/mol BE(C–Cl) = 326 kJ/molBE(H–Cl) = 432 kJ/molBE(Cl–Cl) = 243 kJ/molHow many grams of C(graphite) must be burned to release 275 kJ of heat? a. 8.40 g8. What mass of methane can be produced by the reaction of 8.52 g of Al4C3 with excess water? a. 2.85 g9. The property of matter that determines the direction of heat flow is the? a. temperature10. How many atoms are present in 0.375 mol of palladium atoms? a. 2.26 x 10^2311. Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the PCl3 molecule. a. Trigonal pyramidal12. Calculate the molecular mass of potassium permanaganate, KMnO4. a. 158 amu13. The total number of lone pairs in NCl3 is? a. 1014. Give an example of a balanced chemical reaction? a. 8HCL + 2KMnO4  3Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2KCl15. How many silicon atoms are there in 1.oo g of silicon? a. 2.14 x 1o^22 atoms16. Combustion is a chemical process in which a fuel combines with _____ to release energy and form products. a. Oxygen17. What is an advantage of using coal over petroleum as a source of energy in the US? a. Coal reserves in the US are far greater than petroleum reserves18. Although carbon dioxide is the primary compound discussed with respect to global warming; of the common atmospheric components the global warming potential of a carbon dioxide molecule is very low. What best explains this pair or of facts? a. CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations19. Calculate the mass of 3.00 moles of Cf2Cl2. a. 363 g20. Petroleum is a complex mixture of thousands of substances, the majority of which are? a. hydrocarbons21. In the petroleum industry, what does a refinery do? a. It separates crude oil into fractions consisting of compounds with similar boiling points.22. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. a. 2 lone pairs, bent23. The normal process occurring on Earth that warms its surface and the lower atmosphere is called. a. The greenhouse effect24. Any chemical or physical change that absorbs energy? a. Is an endothermic process25. What is a correct statement of the second law of thermodynamics? a. Entropy of the universe is constantly increasing26. An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to? a. Warm up27. What international agreement attempted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? a. Kyoto Protocol28. Scientists have correlated average global temperature with atmospheric CO2 levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. How is the CO2 level determined? a. By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers29. The energy that flows from a warmer body to a colder body is called? a. heat30. The element oxygen consists of three naturally occurring isotopes: 16O, 17O, 18O. The atomic mass of oxygen is 16.0 amu. What can be implied about the relative abundances of these isotopes? a. The abundances of 17O and 18O are very small31. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of fossil fuels is a form of ___ energy?a.