Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Different AustralopithecinesII. Homo habilis vs. AustralopithecinesIII. Homo habilis vs. Homo erectusOutline of Current Lecture II. Homo habilisIII. Homo erectus vs. Homo sapiensIV. Turkana boy V. Tool useVI. Meat eatingCurrent LectureHomo habilis:Oldowan tools Anthro 1031st editionscavenged for meat rather than hunted for itHomo habilis and Australopithecines aren't that different from each other, but Homo habilis and Homo erectus have many differencesHomo erectus left its homeMost organisms are adapted to the particular place where they evolved - they stay there because they are adapted to that environmentHomo erectus moved a relatively far distance in a relatively short period of timeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Homo erectus:-long from front to back and short from top to bottom-have bump at back of head called occipital torus-have brow ridges-cranium is thick-post-orbital constriction (skull behind the eyes is pinched inward - less frontal lobe area)Homo sapiens:-spherical head-our cranium is thinHomo erectus: 'Turkana boy'Brain about 900 cc5'4" tallmodern limb proportion, sizenot arboreally adaptedthorax (rib cage) is barrel shaped - means our gut is smaller - diet that is more easily digestedwisdom teeth had not come in yet and epiphyses were present - wasn'tdone growing but was already 5'4" tall as a child/teenagerWhat Homo erectus is imagined to look like:Projecting nose - may conserve water - Turkana boy and modern humans have projecting nose, compared to flat nosed Gorillas and AustralopithecinesReduction in body hairNo sagittal crestHomo erectus found in 3 locations across the globe, all dating from 1.8 myaA lot of the old world was under ice - sea level would be lower so there wouldbe more land visibleIt was cold where Homo erectus was foundHow is it possible for a tropically adapted hominoid to live in the cold?Meat, fire, and tools may have been factorsTools:standardized - Oldowan tools looked different from each other (haphazard appearance, no two alike), but Homo erectus tools had a standardized form and were symmetricalmore raw materials - shows they were more innovative'mental template' - had an image in mind for what they wanted the tool to look like. Didn't just start chipping at stone until they were finished - they had an end goal in mindsuggests cognitive step...or simply manipulative skills?Oldowan tools associated with Homo habilisAcheulean tools associated with Homo erectusembraced culturebiological and cultural adaptationEvidence for meat eating:800,000 yearsbutchered bones (Africa, China, Europe)hunted, not scavenged (no carnivore sign)front teeth and skullthorax
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