GEOG 1101 Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Abu Dis Case Study II Yugoslavia Case Study III Georgian Conflict IV Boundaries and borders a Boundary Formation V Geopolitics and States VI Conflicts Outline of Current Lecture I Refugees II Sri Lanka Tamil Tigers Case Study III Decolonization IV Jammu Kashmir Case Study V Heartland Theory VI New World Order VII Israel Palestine Conflict VIII States Nations and Conflict IX Population Distribution Current Lecture Refugees are forced migrations within or out of a country due to military conflicts or persecution There are 15 Million cross border refugees More than half of these are Afghans and Palestinians 22 Million displaced within own country 4 Million living in refugee like places 80 of refugees are women and children Some countries accept refugees but most of the time they stay near their home country Pakistan has sent refugees back multiple times Epidemics children growing up displaced cultural traditions and livelihoods disrupted threat of violence Many people living here and the standards are not good enough for people to live there These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Tamil Tigers Used suicide bombing as a strategy to fight war against a repressive regime First people to use their bodies against the enemy 2 ethnic groups in Sri Lanka Tamil Hindu speak tamil laborers Sinhalese Buddhist speak Sinhalese rulers British Colony a tea and spice trade setup in Sri Lanka English Speaking educated Christian elite Sri Lanka gains independence in 1948 First violent resistance was in 1983 Tamils want to secede from Sri Lankan Union LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam Wanted territory in the north The north was not very useful and had less water In 2010 Sri Lankan Govt deported anyone who was related to Tamil tigers Decolonization Reacquisition by colonized peoples of control over their own territory Even though countries have independence their political systems are in chaos and still dependent on the colonizing country League of nations had a goal of international peace and security Jammu Kashmir Northern India Southern Pakistan Area claimed by India and Pakistan Due to independence of India 1947 India got independence Creation of India and Pakistan Very bloody result due to the separation Any muslims in India were being killed and any hindus in Pakistan were being killed Princely states had to join one or the other Muslim Kashmir practiced non decision making they did not want to be separated Pakistani tribal forces occupied and forced Majaraja out of power Maharaja sought military aid from India and ceded Kashmir to India in exchange they lost independence to India UN Security council Resolution Left decision to Jammu and Kashmir and ordered Pakistan to withdraw Fre and fair plebiscite Never happened before Separate constitution but territory is claimed by India Cease Fire temporary end of separatist activities resulted in Line of control pseudo border between the two countries It is a big issue because India Pakistan China get water supply from the glaciers of the himalayas 1989 rise of violent armed insurgency from indian army that continues this day Abuse of human rights Suspected relationships with Pakistani terrorist organizations Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons 2003 first total cease fire observed in 15 years 2005 bombing in Delhi by suspected Kashmiri rebels Ongoing conflicts including recent bombings in Mumbai Heartland Theory 1860 s Mackinder believed that Eurasia was the most likely base from which a successful campaign for world conquest could be launched Said that anybody who can control central Asia has the power to control the whole world 1 Eurasia most likely base to launch a campaign for world domination 2 Heartland is geographical Pivot of the world 3 As sea power declines land transportation technologies would increase believed in railroads and saw that central Asia had a big potential for railroads and saw the future was being ruled by railroads 4 empire of the world if a power came to control the whole heartland 5 Germany Russia or Japan China alliances would be very strong New World Order Soviet Union collapsed under its own weight as it had to move people around and people were frustrated at ethnic cleansing 1989 91 Dismantling of Soviet union Perceived trump of capitalism over communism US becomes world s only superpower global culture politics and economics dominated by western products threat of violence through military power New World Order Named this because thats what GHW Bush called it that in 1990 on the eve of deployment o US troops to Kuwait A new era freer from threat of terror stronger in the pursuit of justice and more secure in the quest for peace Rule flaw supplants the rule of the jungle Vision of US as a world leader The US Believed in the Domino Theory If one country in a region fell to communism neighboring countries would fall to communism as well Israeli Palestinian Conflict Nationalism intense feelings of belonging to a nation rift to determine it s own affairsautonomy sovereignty Zionism nationalist liberation movement that seeks Jewish homeland in Israel response to antiSemitism in Europe Islamism movement to create political systems and associated social and economic structures based on Islamic Law The root of the conflict is mutually inconsistent goals Jerusalem Holiest city for Jews some sects of Christianity and Islam The borders have been changing every 20 years Israel Zionism British controlled Palestine from 1917 to 48 All of the people lived together and not as distinguished as they are now Balfour Declaration allowed Jews to settle in Palestine Not a welcome decision by the Arabs 1948 Britain withdraws from the area and turned it to UN UN partition plan Gave 56 Jewish Gave 43 Arab Jerusalem inter nation city shared by both Arabs reject partition plan and war breaks out Egypt Jordan Syria Iraq and Saudi Arabia helped the Palestinians Israeli Palestinian conflict 1967 six day war Israel claims Sinai Peninsula Arabs live in refugee camps outside Israel or in occupied territories Gaza strip West Bank Golan Heights 1980 s Intifada Uprising Palestinians with no hope of returning to their homeland Start doing suicide bombings and terrorist tactics to get back the land PLO Palestinian Liberation Organization Hamas Islamic resistance Movement Recently elected as