Page 1 1 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Introduction to Embedded Systems CS/ECE 6780/5780 Al Davis Today’s topics: • some logistics updates • ubiquitous diversity of embedded systems • note – figures obviously copied & w/out credits come from the book 2 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Logistic Changes • Lab sections 1: Wed 1200 – 1500 (William) 2: Wed 1500 – 1800 (Torrey) 3: Fri 0900 – 1200 (Torrey) 4: Fri 1200 – 1500 (William) • Mailing lists now work deadline to sign up stays the same 2359 tomorrow » “git r’ done” start using the mailing list after that to find a team mate if needed • Next week teams formed, lab sections designated & lab kits checked out lab 1 will be handed out • Week after next labs start • Revised schedule on the website previous optimistic schedule was clearly bogus 3 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah What is an Embedded System? • Wide variety of interpretations special-purpose computer controlled gizmo » you see the gizmo but not the computer » computer is hidden & not programmed by the user • some user configuration is possible • but real programming was done by a system specific developer anything that isn’t a PC or a server? » reasonable view » note PC’s and particularly servers contain ES’s • thermal controls & cooling are a good example • HP’s Superdome (class C servers) – blades in a rack – chip and board thermals reported to rack controller – multiple temperature and air flow sensors in the rack – servo controlled air flow paddles and numerous fans – rack controller – controls air flow rate and direction – via fan speed and paddle » imagine an ink jet like device in a package • sprays coolant to chip hot spots – this stuff works now 4 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah ES Functions • Almost anything you can imagine 5 basic types of functions » capture input signals and process the data » control peripheral circuitry » network with other ES’s or computers • e.g. sensor arrays in forest canopy – NASA study: where the heck is all the extra CO2 coming from? – and how much is sequestered in the diminishing forest – monitor tremors to predict earthquates – monitor tremors to predict volcanic activity – monitor your car • both fixed and ad-hoc networks » user interfacing • something has to read that iPod click wheel • or display that new episode of Desperate Housewives » data storage • Most ES’s perform more than one of these functions often with a real-time constraintPage 2 5 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Processors • >99% are placed in ES’s • CNET’s Top 10 Must-haves (prices approx.) iPod Touch ($360) Asus 1005HA netbook ($330) Flip UltraHD (mini camcorder - $190) HTC Hero (Android phone - $300) LG enV Touch (phone - $300) Logitech Harmony One (RF remote - $200) Logitech Squeezebox Boom (WiFi radio - $300) Monster Turbine Pro (big bass ear bud - $250) Nintendo Dsi (portable game gizmo - $170) Panasonic TC-P50G10 (HDTV - $1400) • Notice any trends? 6 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Other Industries • Automotive air bag controllers, ABS & traction control, engine management » ~50 processors in luxury cars • heck my F250 plain jane truck has – 2 processors per wheel – 2 airbag CPU’s – 2 ECU’s, 2 cruise controllers, + 1 in the radio – 9 CPU’s in a farmer truck? go figure • why? digital control is flexible, reliable, and cheap » CAN bus is on the move • every light has a 4-bit controller • Communications cell phones are very complex ES’s » codec’s, DSP (iDCT, Rake, Turbo/Viterbi, …), GPS … base station has lots of controllers as well 7 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Others • Industrial robotics plant monitoring » production optimization » critical safety controls (e.g. nuclear, chemical, …) • Commercial inventory management – RFID tags on Walmart pallets point of sale systems • Medical life support monitors medical testing • CSI Hoboken • Military drones, ATR, G&C, GPS, fighter laser networks, too bad this list is endless – then there’s DHS (sheesh) 8 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah iPhone Dissected http://www.anandtech.com/printarticle.aspx?i=3026Page 3 9 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah iPhone (cont’d) 10 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Embedded System Design • What makes it unique? physically constrained computation » timing deadlines & SWAP constraints • SWAP = size, weight, and power traditional abstraction » separate software from the HW and environment doesn’t work HW, SW, & environment » tightly intertwined » designers must understand the whole space • Great read “The Embedded Systems Design Challenge” » Henzinger and Sifakis continues this discussion • 5780 goal start this “understanding” process 5785 continues this process 11 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Blatant and Shameless Hook • Symmetry in CPU’s and Jobs >99% of CPU’s are in ES’s >99% of the computer jobs may be in ES design as well » note the trend • # of computer companies is not growing • growth of gizmo companies is rampant • OK end of motivational diatribe 12 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Top-Down Design Process more details nextPage 4 13 CS 5780 School of Computing University of Utah Analysis Phase • Discover the requirements and constraints Requirements » general parameters that the system must satisfy • transfer function view – what are the inputs and outputs Specifications » detailed & specific requirements • electrical signaling levels • mechanical interfaces • what functions must the device perform Constraints » e.g. SWAP constraints » environmental issues affecting packaging •
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