Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Reading Assignment Chapter 1 in Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals 4th Edition by Mano Syllabus Office Hours Web page 1 Lecture 1 2 EGR 261 Signals Systems Sequence of Electrical Computer Engineering Courses at TCC EGR 110 Engineering Graphics EGR 125 4 cr C Programming for Engineers MTH 279 4 cr Differential Equations EGR 260 3 cr Circuit Analysis ODU equiv ECE 201 Offered F Sp EGR 261 3 cr Signals Systems ODU equiv ECE 202 Offered F Sp EGR 267 3 cr EGR Analysis Tools ODU equiv ECE 200 Offered F EGR 270 4 cr Fund Of Computer EGR ODU equiv ECE 241 Offered Sp Su EGR 262 2 cr Fund Circuits Lab ODU equiv ECE 287 Offered Sp Su Additional course offerings may be available at the Tri Cities Center Lecture 1 EGR 261 Signals Systems Changes to Electrical Computer Engineering Courses at TCC Due to recent changes at ODU TCC will make the following changes to the sequence of electrical computer engineering courses EGR 260 261 will be replaced by EGR 271 272 EGR 267 will no longer be offered No changes to EGR 262 or EGR 270 The changes will be phased in as follows Fall 2013 First time EGR 271 will be offered Last time EGR 261 will be offered Spring 2014 First time EGR 272 will be offered See the chart on the following page for additional scheduling information 3 Lecture 1 EGR 261 Signals Systems Content differences between EGR 260 261 and EGR 271 272 The new course sequence at ODU actually is a return to the format that they used several years ago and is similar to the format used by many universities How is EGR 271 different from EGR 260 EGR 271 will be more manageable as it will cover less material Ch 1 6 in Nilsson instead of Ch 1 8 covered in EGR 260 MATLAB solutions for problems will be added to EGR 271 How is EGR 272 different from EGR 261 EGR 272 will cover Ch 7 10 12 15 in Nilsson instead of Ch 12 17 covered in EGR 261 additional material from a second textbook in EGR 261 AC circuit analysis will be added to EGR 272 Ch 9 10 in Nilsson MATLAB solutions for problems will be added to EGR 272 Material on Fourier Series Fourier transforms convolution and properties of linear signals and systems will be moved to a junior level course at ODU 4 Lecture 1 EGR 261 Signals Systems 5 Sequence of Electrical Computer Engineering Courses at TCC EGR 271 3 cr Circuit Theory I ODU equiv ECE 201 Offered F Sp Su EGR 272 3 cr Circuit Theory II ODU equiv ECE 202 Offered F Sp MTH 279 4 cr Differential Equations EGR 262 2 cr Fund Circuits Lab ODU equiv ECE 287 Offered F Sp Su EGR 125 4 cr Into to Engineering Methods C EGR 270 4 cr Fund Of Computer EGR ODU equiv ECE 241 Offered F Sp Su Notes 1 Classes available at the Virginia Beach Campus the Chesapeake Campus and the TriCities Center 2 EGR 271 272 transfers to Virginia Tech as ECE 2004 3 EGR 270 transfers to Virginia Tech as ECE 2504 4 EGR 262 does not transfer to Virginia Tech Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Chapter 1 Binary Systems Digital System a system that works with discrete elements of information a set of symbols rather than with continuous signals as in an analog system This discrete information is represented in binary form Data processing is carried out by means of binary logic elements using binary signals Quantities are stored in binary storage elements memory Illustration analog system and binary system 6 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Number Systems 1 Decimal Numbers Base 10 ten unique digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 place values counting sequence examples LSD and MSD 2 Binary Numbers Base 2 two unique digits 0 and 1 binary digit bit place values counting sequence examples LSB and MSB 7 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Number Systems 3 Octal Numbers Base 8 eight unique digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 place values counting sequence examples LSD and MSD 4 Hexadecimal Numbers Base 16 sixteen unique digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F place values counting sequence examples LSD and MSD 8 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Arithmetic Operations Arithmetic operations in other bases are very similar to the familiar operations that we have always used in base 10 Examples Addition 9 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Examples Subtraction 10 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Examples Multiplication 11 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Converting Between Bases 1 Converting to decimal expand by place value as previously seen 2 Converting from decimal A For the integer portion Use repeated division by the base LSD is found first B For the fractional portion Use repeated multiplication by the base MSD is found first Examples 12 Lecture 1 3 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Converting between binary octal and hexadecimal simple replacement A Binary to octal Examples 13 Lecture 1 3 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Converting between binary octal and hexadecimal simple replacement B Binary to hexadecimal Examples 14 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Complements Complements are commonly used to represent negative numbers and to perform subtraction There are two types of complements which can be applied to any base General r 1 s complement r s complement Base 2 1 s complement 2 s complement Base 10 9 s complement 10 s complement Where r base And a general number X might consist of the digits X aaaaaaa bbb n number of digits before the decimal point m number of digits after the decimal point Formal definitions r 1 s complement of X rn r m X rn 1 X if m 0 r s complement of X rn X r 1 s complement r m r 1 s complement 1 if m 0 15 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Shortcut approach to finding complements 9 s comp subtract each digit from 9 10 s comp 9 s comp 1 if m 0 1 s comp replace each 0 with 1 and replace each 1 with 0 2 s comp 1 s comp 1 if m 0 2 s comp alternate method Move from the right until the first 1 is encountered Complement each bit after but not including this 1 Examples 16 Lecture 1 EGR 270 Fundamentals of Computer Engineering Representing negative numbers in 2 s complement form Negative numbers are typically represented in 2 s complement form in computers or other digital systems Example int variables in C are represented using two bytes where the MSB is a sign bit If the MSB 1 the number is negative and in 2 s complement form 1 What are the