PSYCH 3620 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Psychoanalytic Theory A 3 Parts of Personality II Psychosexual Developmental Stages III Psychosocial stages of development IV Behaviorism V Operate Conditioning VI Social Cognitive Theory VII Bronfenbrenner s Ecological theory Outline of Current Lecture I Our genetic Beginnings II Chromosomes Genes DNA and Bases GATC III Genetics Genomics IV Human Genome Project V Mendelian Inheritance Dominant and Recessive Genes VI Genetic Disorders I VII The Problem of Y chromosome VIII Genetic Disorders II IX Gene environment Interaction A Degree of match b w genes environment X How the environment shapes gene expression Current Lecture I II Egg and sperm unite to form a zygote 23 chromosomes from sperm egg pair up to form 23 pairs of chromosomes 22 pairs are autosomes the 23rd is the pair that determines the sex XX or XY The father s sperm determines the sex of the child by contributing either an X or a Y chromosome Chromosomes are made up of Genes which are made up of DNA which is made up of 4 nitrogenous bases Guanine G adenine A thymine T cytosine C These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute The order of the bases determines when and which proteins are produced which make the body develop and perform its activities III Genetics the study of how DNAs work Molecular genetics Identification of particular genes to discover how these genes work within the cell Behavioral genetics Determining the degree of genetic basis for a behavior a trait or an ability through studies of twins and adopted children Genomics study of how genomes a set of instructions to create an organism interact w environment IV The Human Genome Project 2001 mapped all the genes that make up the human body 25 000 30 000 genes determine everything about our genetic inheritance We know what only about half of these genes actually do V Possible sources for genetic disorders A pair of recessive genes rg and or Mutations Single gene disorders include Tay Sachs disease rg chromosome 15 deadly Sickle cell anemia rg bone marrow transplant PKU rg problem processing protein treatable VI The Y chromosome is smaller and carries fewer genes than X Recessive genes on the Xchromosome that do not have a partner on Y will be expressed in the phenotype Therefore boys are more prone to genetic disorders than girls Ex Color blindness Hemophilia blood slow clotting Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD VII Chromosome disorders include Down syndrome one extra chromosome 21 Klinefelter syndrome XXY in men s 23rd pair Turner syndrome XO in women s 23rd pair Fragile X syndrome One gene segment CGG on the X chromosome is repeated 200 times rather than 5 40 times VIII Canalization The degree to which the expression of a gene is influenced by genetic factors Some traits are deeply canalized walking early language development A Degree of match b w genes environment Passive genes when one s genetic endowment already matches w environment Active genes When genetic endowment becomes a driving force for children to seek out particular experiences Evocative When genetic endowment causes children to act in a way that draws out certain responses from those around them IX Epigenetics A system epigenome by which genes are activated or silenced in response to events or circumstances in the individual s environment Genes influence the environment the environment influences gene expression
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