Jaymie TicknorDevelopmental Psychology 3620 Sect. 85320 November 2013Lecture #32GRDSD Chapter PowerpointGender Segregation and Gender Intensification: Gender Segregation: begins in preschool and comes into full flower in the end of the elementary school; play with same sex kidsNatural preferences on playmates → consolidate gender differenceEarly adolescence - gender intensification: pay attention to opposite sex; segregation loosens upGender segregation declines in mid- to late-adolescence; girls more open-mindedGroup Difference in Gender-Stereotyped Beliefs (GSB): boys demonstrate stronger GSB than girlsPreschoolers higher GSB than adolescents; adolescents similar with adults; higher SES individuals more flexible; African American less GSB than White; greater pressure on boysAndrogyny is having characteristics of both genders: tender and strongSelf-esteem is linked to masculinity for both males and females; power structure in the society; internalized inferiorityDifferences between Women and Men: mental abilities: language development, reading and writing: female > male in childhood; Spatial, abstract reasoning, and high-end math: male> female throughout; more than 95% overlap, difference most salient in top 3% groupsTemperaments and personality traits: emotional sensitivity (female > male); activity level, physical aggression (male > female) and impulse control (female > male)Developmental problems and genetic disorders; learning disorder, ADHD (9:1 boys ratio compared to girls), Conduct Disorder, genetic mental retardation, etc… (male > female)Evolutionary and Biological Basis: sex differences in behavior seen in 97% mammals; male ancestors → hunt and compete for mates; female ancestors → rear childrenWomen’s brains differ from men’s in earlier develop in left hemisphere of cerebral cortex; 23% thicker corpus callosum; smaller hypothalamus (linked with endocrine system); functionsin sex arousal and aggressive behavior for menAndrogens (testosterone); family/cultures influence the intensity of biologically based sex
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