Jaymie TicknorDevelopmental Psychology 3620 Sect. 8534 December 2013Lecture #35Chapter #13 PowerpointLevel of conflict (pre-divorce): high conflicts predict poor outcome in children; if high conflict, children do better after divorceLevel of conflict during and after divorce: parents continue to verbally attack each otherFinancial difficulties and poverty; high levels of parental distress; greater numbers of life changes and disruptions; psychological well-being: emotional care, stability20-25% of children from divorced parents experience high levels of behavior problems; 10% of children from intact families (norm)Lower academic achievement, higher high school dropout; lower college attendance/completion;externalizing behavior problems; low SE, depression, difficulties with relationshipsEffects at Different Ages: Infants and Toddlers: disturbance in eating and sleeping, separation anxiety, regression in newly acquired skillsPreschoolers: self-blame, aggression, separation anxiety, transductive reasoning (irrelevant causes) Elementary School Age Children: wishful thinking, depression and anxiety, anger, inferior, decline in school performanceTeens: depression, violent behavior, fear/overcommitted to love relationship (teen pregnancy)Don’ts: bad-mouth the other parent, have children report or spy on other parent, fight with other parent when child is around, use child as a weapon, make your child take sides, use child as a confidant, give up on your relationship with your childDo’s: listen, explain at the child’s level, minimize changes, keep discipline consistent, take care of yourself so you can take care of your child, get help when you need toSingle Parent Household: about 30% of children (under age 18) grew up in single parent household81%-19% mother-father ratio in single parents; about 40% of infants (in year 2007) were born to unmarried mother50% of single mothers live with the baby’s father when the baby was born; only 10% eventually marry; only 20% of fathers maintain contact with childParenting Styles: Baumrind : Authoritative: (most effective one in society) high demandingnessand acceptance/emotional careAuthoritarian: high demandingness and low acceptancePermissive: low demandingness and high acceptanceUninvolved: low demandingness and acceptanceEffectiveness of different styles is moderated by culture and surroundings: in a high-risk community, greater parental restriction, stronger behavioral control, and stricter punishment may be understood by both parent and child as necessary for
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