Jaymie TicknorDevelopmental Psychology 3620 Sect. 8536 September 2013Lecture #3Powerpoint Chapter #2Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages:8 different stages while Freud has 5 stagesMost important: social interaction, contact, idea of selfAccomplish tasks in order to move on to the next stage; carry problem if not accomplishedStage #1: (infancy) main thing to accomplish is trust, failing would be mistrustStage #2: (toddlerhood) autonomy (self discipline), failing would be shame and doubt (lack of confidence)Behaviorism:Second force after Psychoanalytic; people at the time did not like the theories of psychoanalytic, so they turned to empirical dataJohn B. Watson and classical conditioningWe are born a “tabula rasa” (blank slate)Our environment determines our behaviorClassical conditioning: pairing of stimuliCS + NCSPavlov’s dogs (reflex, no learning process for UCS and UCR)John Watson and Little Albert (generalized fear towards other furry things, not just the white furry rat) (N: rat, UCS: loud noise, UCR: fear, CS: rat, CR: fear)Three kinds of learning: Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learningOperant Conditioning: B. F. Skinner; pigeons learned what to do through rewardsGambling: scheduled reinforcementReinforcement (increase the target behavior) and Punishment (decrease behavior)Positive Reinforcement: add something pleasant to increase behaviorNegative Reinforcement: take something unpleasant away to increase behaviorPositive Punishment: add something unpleasant to decrease behaviorNegative Punishment: take something pleasant away to decrease
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