The Writing Process: Prewriting & BeyondThe Writing ProcessStage 1: PrewritingStage 1: Prewriting Choosing a TopicStage 1: Prewriting Considering the FunctionStage 1: Prewriting Considering the AudienceStage 1: Prewriting Considering the FormStage 1: Prewriting Teacher’s RolesSlide 9Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: All Begin with a DrawingStage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Observation BooksStage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: DefinitionsStage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: I Can’t Think of a StoryStage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Drawing Picture TogetherStage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Character &/or SettingStage 1: Prewriting: Using Graphic Organizers to Organize Ideas: PurposesSlide 17Stage 1: Prewriting: Using Graphic Organizers to Organize Ideas: TypesYour turn to plan prewritingStage 2: DraftingSlide 21Stage 2: Drafting Teacher’s RolesSlide 23Slide 24Your turn to plan draftingStage 3: Revising Have Students Reread their own DraftsStage 3: Revising: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Sentence BuildingStage 3: Revising: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Selective ExpansionStage 3: Revising: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: The Too-Short StoryStage 3: Revising Teacher’s RolesStage 3: Revising Have Students Meet in Writing GroupsSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Your turn to plan revisingStage 4: EditingSlide 38Slide 39Stage 4: Editing Teacher’s RolesSlide 41Slide 42Your turn to plan editingStage 5: Publishing/SharingSlide 45Stage 5: Publishing/Sharing Teacher’s RolesSlide 47Your turn to plan publishing / sharingAssessing Writing: RubricsSlide 50Slide 51Your turn to develop a rubricPowerPoint PresentationSlide 54The Writing Process:Prewriting & BeyondTonja L. Root, Ed.D.Early Childhood & Reading EducationValdosta State UniversityValdosta, GA [email protected], VSU 2The Writing Process•It is a process.•It is not linear.•It is recursive.•Discuss stages to communicate the process.Root, VSU 3Stage 1: Prewriting•It is the getting-ready to write stage.•Up to 70% of writing time needs to be spent in prewriting. •Students learn about the structure of narratives, informational forms, poetry, letters, and other written language forms.Root, VSU 4Stage 1: PrewritingChoosing a Topic•Ss. need to take responsibility for choosing their own topics for writing.•Ts. should not supply topics for students -- "writing welfare" (Graves, 1976). •Specify writing form and function (i.e., share what you have learned about ...), but have Ss. choose their own specific content.Root, VSU 5Stage 1: PrewritingConsidering the Function•to satisfy personal needs & get things done (instrumental)•to control other’s behavior (regulatory)•to tell about themselves (personal)•to get along with others (interactional)•to learn & find out (heuristic)•to pretend & make believe (imaginative)•to communicate information to others (informative)Root, VSU 6Stage 1: PrewritingConsidering the Audience•Students may write for themselves or for others.•Writing for others requires students to adapt their writing to fit their audience.Root, VSU 7Stage 1: PrewritingConsidering the Form•narrative•giving directions•compare & contrast•letter•poem•learning logRoot, VSU 8Stage 1: PrewritingTeacher’s Roles•Allow Ss. to participate in decisions about:–function or purpose–audience–form–specific topic•Provide a variety of idea-gathering activities (rehearsal & background).•Model prewriting strategy by showing your own.Root, VSU 9Stage 1: PrewritingTeacher’s Roles•Work on the class collaboration prewriting strategy:•(1) Take Ss. dictation to record/ model the prewriting strategy that you want Ss. to use when they do their own prewriting.•(2) Show Ss. comparisons & contrasts with yours.Root, VSU 10Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: All Begin with a Drawing•For a class writing on a specific topic:•(1) Ss. individually draw detailed pictures about the same topic.•(2) Ss. individually make lists of words related to their pictures.•(3) Class compiles a list of all of the Ss. words.•(4) Ss. individually write stories relating to their own pictures & using any words.Root, VSU 11Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Observation Books•(1) T. supplies sketch books called, “Observation Books.”•(2) T. assigns 2-4 drawings/week to be done in sketch books with list of words at edge of drawings.•(3) S. completes assignment using pictures & words as a reference for writing.Root, VSU 12Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Definitions•(1) S. draws a picture of the definition of the word.•(2) S. writes a sentence using the word.Root, VSU 13Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: I Can’t Think of a Story•(1) S. divides paper into sections.•(2) S. draws a picture in each section.•(3) T. asks S. questions about picture.•(4) S. writes paragraph about each picture.•(5) S. adds ideas and details to pictures & writing.Root, VSU 14Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Drawing Picture Together•For Ss. lacking confidence in drawing & writing, Ss. draw & write together.•(1) T. draws simple face on the paper.•(2) T. asks Ss., “Who could this be?”•(3) Ss. draw the rest of the person.•(4) T. asks Ss. questions: Where is --? Is -- alone? What is -- doing? What time of year is it? How old is --?•(5) Ss. finish picture with details.•(6) Ss. translate picture into a written story.Root, VSU 15Stage 1: Prewriting: Activities for Generating & Organizing Ideas: Drawing: Character &/or Setting•(1) S. divides paper into half.•(2) S. draws picture of person, animal, or place to become part of a story.•(3) T. tells S. to list words that come to mind on other half of paper (while writing).•(4) S. writes about that person/animal, or setting drawn.•(5) S. adds details & ideas to drawing & writing.Root, VSU 16Stage 1: Prewriting: Using Graphic Organizers to Organize Ideas: Purposes•(1) to plan writing using