Study Guide #3 POLS 206 (Fall ‘11)Chapter 8Cabinet- a presidential advisory group selected by the president, made up of the VP, heads of the federal executive departments, & other high officials who the president elects.Constitutional powers- powers given to the president by the Constitution.Chief of Staff (James Baker) - the person who oversees the operations of all white house staff and controls access to the president. very close friend to George H.W. Bush & his chief of staff.Council of Economic Advisors- organization within the EOP that advises the president on economic matters.Divided government- political rule split between 2 parties: 1 controlling the white house and the other one or both controlling houses of congress. Executive agreements- presidential arrangements with other countries that create foreign policy without the need for senate approval.Executive Office of the President- collection of 9 organizations that help the president with policy and political objectives.Executive orders- clarifications of congressional policy issued by the president and having the full force of law.Going public- a president’s strategy of appealing to the public on an issue, expecting that public pressure will be brought to bear on other political actors.Honeymoon period- the time following an election when a president’s popularity is high and congressional relations are likely to be productive.Inherent powers- presidential powers implied but not explicitly stated in the Constitution.Mondale Model- 1st VP to have an office in the white house, “active” VP, brought on a new role for VP’sNational Security Council (NSC)- organization within the EOP that provides foreign policy advice to thepresident. Office of Management and Budget (OMB)- organization within the EOP that oversees the budgets of departments and agencies. Power to persuade- a president’s ability to convince Congress, other political actors, and the public to cooperate with the administration’s agenda.Presidential style- image projected by the president that represents how he would like to be perceived at home and abroad.Presidential veto- a president’s authority to reject a bill passed by Congress; may be overridden only by 2/3’s majority in each house. Senatorial courtesy- tradition of granting senior senators of the president’s party considerable power over federal judicial appointments in their home states.Presidential warmaking-22nd Amendment- president can only serve 2 4-year terms.State of the Union Address- a speech given annually by the president to a joint session of Congress and to the nation announcing the president’s agenda.Vice presidency (VP)- ticket balancer, presides over Senate.VP/abused child syndrome-VP/Dick Cheney-White House Office-the approximately 400 employees within the EOP who work most closely and directly with the president.IM – 11 | 125 Amendment- if the president is removed or dies the VP takes office, if there is a vacancy in the VP thepresident nominates a new VP and congress confirms. Chapter 9Agency capture- process whereby regulatory agencies come to be protective of and influenced by the industries they were established to regulate.Clientele groups- groups of citizens whose interests are affected by an agency or a department and who work to influence its policies.Congressional oversight- efforts by congress, especially through committees, to monitor agency rule making, enforcement, and implementation of congressional policies.Federal Register- publication containing all federal regulations and notifications of regulatory agency hearing.Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)- 1966 law that allows citizens to obtain copies of most public records.Hatch Act- 1939 law limiting the political involvement of civil servants in order to protect them from political pressure and keep politics out of the bureaucracy. Iron triangles- the phenomenon of a clientele group, congressional committee, and bureaucratic agency cooperating to make mutually beneficial policy.Patronage- system in which a successful candidate rewards friends, contributors, and party loyalists for their support with jobs, contracts, and favors.Pendleton Act - 1883 civil service reform that required the hiring and promoting of civil servants to be based on merit, not patronage.Spoils System- the 19-century practice of firing government workers of a defeated party and replacing them with loyalists of the victorious party.Sunshine laws- legislation opening the process of bureaucratic policymaking to the public.Whistleblowers- individuals who publicize instances of fraud, corruption, or other wrongdoing in the bureaucracy. Chapter 10TBAIM – 11 |