Neuromorfología: el modelo declarativo-procesal 28 mar 2011 – Día 30Organización del cursoRepasoTaxonomy of memorySummaryThe neural substrate of declarative memoryThe hippocampusGeneral Control of Movement by the Cerebral CortexBasic scheme of information flow through the basal gangliaThe declarative/procedural model of languageDeclarative memory & the lexiconProcedural memory & grammarSlide 13NeuromorfologíaRutas sencilla vs. dual¿qué palabras necesitan sementación?El próximo díaNEUROMORFOLOGÍA: EL MODELO DECLARATIVO-PROCESAL28 MAR 2011 – DÍA 30Neurolingüística del españolSPAN 4270Harry HowardTulane UniversityORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSOhttp://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.Human Research Protection Programhttp://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfmBefore beginning research at Tulane University, all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.03/25/112SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityREPASOLa prueba es el repaso03/25/11SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University3TAXONOMY OF MEMORY03/25/114SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversitySUMMARYis memory for habits & skillslearns rule-like relations in a context learns quickly, from a single presentationis not available to other mental modules (= informationally encapsulated)is mostly unconscious (implicit)is memory for facts & eventslearns arbitrary relationslearns slowly, from many presentationsis available to other mental modules (≠ informationally encapsulated)is mostly conscious (explicit)Procedural memory Declarative memory03/25/11SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University5THE NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF DECLARATIVE MEMORYmedial temporal lobe structureshippocampal region (the dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the hippocampus itself)its input/output cortices: entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortexsome subcortical structures, such as thalamus03/25/11SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University6THE HIPPOCAMPUS03/25/11SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University7GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX03/25/118SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityBASIC SCHEME OF INFORMATION FLOW THROUGH THE BASAL GANGLIA03/25/11SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University9THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL MODEL OF LANGUAGEThe declarative memory system subserves the lexicon.The procedural memory system subserves grammar.03/25/1110SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityDECLARATIVE MEMORY & THE LEXICONstores all arbitrary, idiosyncratic word-specific knowledge, including word meanings, word sounds, and abstract representations such as word categoryincludes representations of simple (non-derivable) words such as cat, bound morphemes such as -ed, irregular morphological forms, verb complements, and idiomsalso contains complex forms and abstract structures that are “regular”supports a superpositional associative memory, which allows for generalizations across representations. For example, the memorization of phonologically similar stem-irregular past tense pairs (e.g. spring – sprang, sing – sang) may allow for memory-based generalization to new irregularizations, either from real words (bring – brang) or from novel ones (spling – splang). This ability to generalize could underlie some degree of productivity within the memory system03/25/1111SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityPROCEDURAL MEMORY & GRAMMARunderlies the learning of new, and the computation of already-learned, rule-based procedures that govern the regularities of languageparticularly those procedures related to combining items into complex structures that have precedence (sequential) and hierarchical relationsbuilds rule-governed structure, i.e. the sequential and hierarchical combination – “merging” or concatenation – of forms and representations into complex structures:syntax (word order)inflectional and derivational morphology – at least for default “regulars” but also for irregulars that appear to be affixedphonology (the combination of sounds)compositional semantics (the meaning of the composition of words into complex structures)03/25/1112SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityGENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX03/25/1113SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityNEUROMORFOLOGÍA03/25/1114SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityRUTAS SENCILLA VS. DUALEn un modelo de ruta sencilla, todas las palabras se reconocen por medio del mismo mecanismo:como palabras enteras en modelos que no hacen una segmentación, ocomo morfemas sueltas en modelos que hacen una segmentación.En un modelo de ruta dualalgunas palabras pasan por una segmentación y otras no, otodas las palabras pasan tanto por una segmentación como por una analisis como unidad.03/25/1115SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University¿QUÉ PALABRAS NECESITAN SEMENTACIÓN?03/25/1116SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane UniversityEL PRÓXIMO DÍAMás neuromorfología03/25/1117SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane