BIOL 1108 Edition 1nd Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Learning Objectives II Excretory System Function Overview III Functions IV Blood Filtrate to Urine V Regulation Outline of Current Lecture I Learning Objectives II Major Communication and Control Systems III Endocrine System IV Reproduction and Development V Hormone Evolution VI AIS Current Lecture I II Learning Objectives 1 Be able to Describe an endocrine system and how it works Compare and contrast posterior and anterior pituitary endocrine signaling Describe tropic and non tropic hormones Know biological processes regulated by the endocrine system Think about how hormones affect our everyday lives Compare and contrast endocrine and nervous systems Describe pheromone signaling Major Communication and Control Systems These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute a Nervous System b Endocrine System III Endocrine System An internal system of communication involving hormones the ductless glands that secrete hormones and the molecular receptors on and in target cells that respond to hormones o Signaling between cells o Typically long distance Short distance local regulators Hormones o In multicellular organisms o Secreted chemical o Formed in specialized cells o Travel in body fluids blood or hemolymph o Act on specific target cells in other parts of the body o Change target cell functioning IV Hormones secreted by the endocrine system regulate o Reproduction o Development o Energy metabolism o Growth o Behavior o Homeostasis Major Human Endocrine Glands o Pineal gland Biological rhythms o Hypothalamus Master gland Production and release of posterior pituitary hormones o Pituitary gland Numerous functions o Thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands Regulate metabolism and Ca levels Stimulates and maintains metabolic functions Temperature regulations A goiter develops when there is not enough iodine If there is not enough iodine it negates a negative feedback loop by signaling the thyroid it needs the hormone The response and stimulus will continue o Thymus Immunity o Adrenal glands Flight or fights response increases blood pressure breathing rate metabolic rate and glucose Corticoid levels can be measured Tradeoff wear you down suppression of immune system o Pancreas Blood sugar level o Ovary Testis Reproduction Reproduction and Development 1 Neurosecratory cells secrete prothoracicotropic hormone PTTH 2 PTTH signal production of ecdysteroid 3 Ecdysteroid secretion is episodic stimulates a molt 4 Juvenile Hormone determines result of molt Absence of JH results in pupation Growth Hormones o During adolescence V VI o Hypersecretion makes people taller more hormone than normal o Hyposecretion too little secretion of hormone shorter than average depends on timing and amount of secretion Hormone Evolution a Endorphins i Affects pain receptors in the brain ii The evolutionary basis for blocking pain is to outrun or chase something b Prolactin i Birds regulates fat metabolism and reproduction ii Fish salt and water balance iii Humans milk synthesis c Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone MSH i Amphibians skin color ii Fish skin color iii Reptiles skin color iv Humans skin color and hunger metabolism d Pheromones i External chemical signaling ii The common garden ant is a social ant that communicates location of food with pheromone trails iii Female Gypsy moths produce pheromones for males to detect AIS a Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome XY b Sometimes a small change in the amino acid sequence can alter the shape of protein receptor c Then chemical signals like insulin steroids or hormones will not properly bind to the receptor and cellular processes such as gene activation will not take place d 1 in 99 000 cases not very accurate