Slide 1Team Super WomenWhat is food?What is Food? Cont.What is Food? Cont.What is Food?What is Food Processing?Why Process Food?Cooking HistoryProcesses and InventorsInventionsInventionsInventorsInventorsInventorsForms of Food ProcessingRemoval of ToxinsForms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Slide 20Forms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Forms of Food Processing Cont.Accidental Discoveries!Food PoliticsExamples if Food PoliticsFood Politics: CultureCulture ExamplesFood Politics: EthicsFood EthicsEthics ExamplesFood Politics: EnvironmentFood Politics: ScienceTechnologySlide 38TechnologySlide 40Quiz Time!Congratulate Yourself!Thanks for Watching!BibliographyL/O/G/OCultivation, Tools and Animal HusbandryWomen and the Technologies of Agriculture and HorticulturePresented byTeam Super WomenTeam Super Women•Shari Wright•Joyce Suk Yin Chan•Sarah Gutierrez•Kelley Gee•Elvia CastroWhat is food?•By formal definition, food is any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue. •Food (which includes many types of drinks) is made up of nutrients.What is Food? Cont.•In other words food is fuel!•Yet food has taken on many other informal definitions in our society. Food for some is nutrition but it also provides emotional support, gratitude, and or a social climate amongst many other things.What is Food? Cont.What is Food?Foods Grouped in Biological Science•Animal: Eggs, Dairy, Muscle Meats, Organ Meats•Plant: Plants, Legumes, Cereals and Grains, Fruits, Nuts, Herbs and Spices•Microbiological: Yeast, Beer, Wine, Soy Sauce•Confectionary: Candy, Sweets•Insect: Honey•Water•Soil: Usually a contaminant but some cultures deliberately cook with it. i.e. Aboriginals in Australia and in IranWhat is Food Processing?Food Processing is a series of physical processes and techniques used to take raw ingredients, or transform food into other forms of consumption…But Why Do We Do it?•Milling•Blanching •Fermentation•Storage•Cooking•Frying•Freezing•Boiling•Detoxing•Preserving•Increasing ConsistenciesExamples…Why Process Food?•Make food safe•To provide products of the highest quality•To make foods into forms that are convenientCooking HistoryPrehistoric age Possibly tasted the flesh of an animal killed in a forest fire9000 B.C. Plant cultivation began in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East4000 B.C Egyptians use yeast as a leavening agent in bread3000 B.C.--1000 B.CFarmers of Mesopotamia were growing crops and possibly breeding ducks. Chinese discover medicinal properties of herbs. Start of an agriculture revolution; food development was active in the Roman Empire1621 First thanksgiving after a devastating winter. Pilgrims grew crops from Indian seeds1742 “The Complete Housewife” is the first American cookbook published by Eliza Smith.Processes and InventorsFood Process Technology InventorsPasteurization PasteurizerLouis PasteurMilling Food MillExtractionSylbylla MastersMadeline M. TurnerRemoval of Toxins Water PurifierFood IrradiationTaylor V. LuaghtnerBased on Louis PasteurCooking Toll House CookiesRuth WakeFieldFreezing Frozen Pizza Rose TotinoVacuumed-Packed /CanningPaper-bag maker Margaret KnightInventions•Food Mill–designed to grind, mash, or puree foods–Usually comes with a selection of discs varying sizes•Extraction–The process of taking out ingredients to have a better or edible product.•Dishwasher (1886)–First working one created by Josephine Cochran–Wasn’t popular at first.•Toll House Cookies (1930)–Accidentally invented by Ruth Wakefield–Semi-sweet Nestle chocolate pieces fell into her cookie doughInventions•Frozen Pizza–Created by Rose Totino–Inventor of the first pizza dough suitable for freezing and subsequent baking.•Kellogg’s Corn Flakes (1906)–Accidentally invented by John Harvey and Will Keith Kellogg•Didn’t want to waste wheat so they made thin dough and toasted it.•Result were flakes. They were a big hit.•Kellogg founded the Kellogg’s company without Harvey.•Coffee–Goat farmer noticed his goats acting energetically after eating bright red berries (coffee beans).–Verified mood shift by also eating the berries.•Beer–At some point in time, somehow a piece of bread or grain was wet and then left to ferment.–a drink that is recorded as having made people feel "exhilarated, wonderful and blissful!InventorsSybilla Masters Cleansing, curing, and refining Indian corn and invented straw weaving for hats.The world’s first recognized inventorMadeline M. Turner (1916)Turner’s fruit express Invented the world’s first juicer.Inventors•Louis Pasteur–Developed Pasteurization Process1. Public health aspect2. Keeping quality aspect•Rose Totino –Frozen Pizza•Ruth Wakefield –Toll House CookiesInventors•Margret Knight –Received over 20 patents and conceived almost 100 different inventions like rotary engine, shoe-cutting machine and a dress and skirt shield–Paper bag maker–Almost had her idea stolen by Charles AnnanForms of Food ProcessingRemoval of Toxins•The detoxification process should remove undesirable chemicals, such as pesticides, insecticides and antibiotics out of the food supply. The processes range in complication.Removal of Toxins•Irradiation•Cooking food destroys:–Bacteria/Parasites–Micro-Organisms–PoisonsForms of Food ProcessingCont.Milling•Milling is the process of cutting away material by feeding a work piece past a rotating multiple tooth cutter. The cutting action of the many teeth around the milling cutter provides a fast method of machining is used in the processing of cereals.Forms of Food ProcessingCont.Fermentation•A further method of processing that is aimed at the control of undesirable microflora (Includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi.) is the deliberated addition of microorganisms and the use of fermentation.Fermentation in Action: Processing BeerForms of Food ProcessingCont.Controlled Storage•Includes items such as Ziploc bags/boxes, Refrigerators, Water Bottles (BPA), and Cans.VACUUMED PACKED CANSProcess made by Amanda JonesAlso invented the oil burning stoveForms of Food ProcessingCont.Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.Example: Laura Scudder of