TOOLS AND MACHINESWhat is a tool?What is a machine?Elements of a machineLandmark 19th Century MachinesMcCormick ReaperSmall Electric MotorJacquard LoomBurden Horseshoe MachineHowe Sewing MachineCochran DishwasherWashing MachinesThe TypewriterThe Electric Light BulbThe TelephoneHenry Ford’s Model TMachines Invented by WomenSlide 18Conclusion tools and machineSlide 20QuizTOOLS AND MACHINESTEAM: HRLASLuis Centeno, Anneliese Trujillo, Helen Soto, Sam Park, Robert FitchWhat is a tool?“Anything used as a means of accomplishing a task or purpose”AnnaWhat is a machine?“A device consisting of fixed and moving parts that modifies mechanical energy and transmits it in a more useful form.”AnnaElements of a machine These are all simple devices that were common in machines for many centuries..AnnaLandmark 19th Century MachinesRobertMcCormick Reaper (1831) Freed farmers from long and intensive labor leading to the industrialization of American agriculture. RobertSmall Electric Motor(1837) This motor paved the way for modern electric cars and factory machines. Davenport used rotating magnets to generate an electrical field powering the motor.RobertJacquard Loom (1840) Precursor to modern computer programming, the loom reads different punch cards sewing different patternsRobertBurden Horseshoe Machine (1857) This machine automatically produced horseshoes very quickly. It effectively put most blacksmiths out of work and dramatically lowered the price of horseshoes. RobertHowe Sewing Machine (1891) Sews clothes 30 times faster than by hand and initially put thousands of women out of work, but later sparks booming retail and tailor industries. RobertCochran Dishwasher (1889) First commercially available electric washer. All others dishwasher are based off her original designs. RobertWashing Machines During the 19th Century over 50 different patents were filed for various washers. SamThe Typewriter (1875) Allowed for a means of communication and uniform in the business world and greatly decreased the cost of making documents. SamThe Electric Light Bulb (1879) Allowed people to work during the night and in the dark increasing the ability of production and free time.SamThe Telephone (1876) Basis of ALL telecommunications today!!!!!SamHenry Ford’s Model T Gave Americans more freedom and mobility never before seen and the start of an enormous car making industry today!!!SamMachines Invented by WomenMachines Invented by WomenMcCormick reaper which played a big role in agriculture with earlier McCormick reaper which played a big role in agriculture with earlier invention of Manning Reaper Created with help of Ann manning.invention of Manning Reaper Created with help of Ann manning.The first automatic dishwasher was invented by Mrs. Josephine The first automatic dishwasher was invented by Mrs. Josephine Garis Cochran in 1889.Garis Cochran in 1889.Small Electric Motor invented with help by Emily Gross Davenport in Small Electric Motor invented with help by Emily Gross Davenport in July of 1834July of 1834The Sewing machine patented by Elias Howe, Created with help by The Sewing machine patented by Elias Howe, Created with help by Elizabeth J. Ames Howe as well of dozens of patented Elizabeth J. Ames Howe as well of dozens of patented improvements. improvements. Soap grater Julian L. RyanSoap grater Julian L. RyanWashing Machine invented and altered by many women but given Washing Machine invented and altered by many women but given credit to Mildred Lord credit to Mildred Lord LuisTypewriter, at least 13 women invented typewriters Typewriter, at least 13 women invented typewriters between 1888 and 1894, 13between 1888 and 1894, 13thth being Emma D. Mills being Emma D. MillsIris Hobson who patented the potato digger in 1876.Iris Hobson who patented the potato digger in 1876.Coin operated machines patented by Clara E. Patterson Coin operated machines patented by Clara E. Patterson in 1889.in 1889.Lizzie J. Darr invented the postage stamp vending Lizzie J. Darr invented the postage stamp vending apparatus in 1891.apparatus in 1891.Cotton candy machine was invented by Emily RochowCotton candy machine was invented by Emily RochowA gauge for cutting candy lozenges devised by Mrs. A gauge for cutting candy lozenges devised by Mrs. Robert Shields Robert Shields LuisConclusion tools and machineGender inequality: women invented, while men were credited.Women under-representedWomen inventions of tools and machines were viewed as “domestic”HelenWomen were given limited educational opportunities that excluded them from publications of their inventions of tools and machinesImproved situation for both men and womenHelenQuizQuizWhat is the difference between a tool and a What is the difference between a tool and a machine?machine?How was the typewriter revolutionary for the How was the typewriter revolutionary for the business world?business world?How did the electric washing machine and How did the electric washing machine and dishwater help women?dishwater help women?At least how many women invented typewriters?At least how many women invented typewriters?How are women’s inventions viewed as opposed How are women’s inventions viewed as opposed to men’s that cause women’s inventions to go to men’s that cause women’s inventions to go