Theories of Gender Technological Mastery Socio-Economic PowerWho is Team ImpulseTakeover TheorySlide 4Reasons for Takeover throughout HistoryTakeover and Agriculture (Recap)What is the Matriarchy Perplex?Peggy Sanday’s TheoryInventive Capacity, Motive, and AchievementKarl Marx: Class Conflict TheoryFeminist and Class Conflict TheoryMarxist theoriesGender SocializationSlide 14Given what we know how would we attribute a gender to “Jack” Halberstam?Gender expectations and educationIs there a Double Standard ?Freedoms that Women LackFreedoms that Women Lack cont.Why are women not thought of as inventors?When you think of typical women inventions you think…You normally would not consider a woman inventing…Highlighting Rosalind FranklinBibliographyPOP QUIZTheories of GenderTechnological MasterySocio-Economic PowerTEAM IMPULSEWho is Team ImpulseKunj BhattJoanna GarciaKelly KermodeMarques Dickson Krystle Garcia-GibbonsTakeover TheoryKunj Bhatt“This pattern of women’s inventing a technology and developing it to a satisfactory level for the family-or even village-scale economy, only to lose out in that activity as it becomes commercialized and professionalized […]” (29).Kunj BhattReasons for Takeover throughout HistoryReligionDivision of Labor/ProductionThe Little Red HenKunj BhattTakeover and Agriculture (Recap)“Birth ExplosionChange from female-centered to male-centered religionThe professionalization of the cultivative role” (29).Kunj BhattWhat is the Matriarchy Perplex?The Matriarchy Perplex raises the question of whether women were ever “in charge” of their own work, if not an entire society.Three events shift egalitarian relations to male advantageProjectile HuntingMen learned the male role in human procreationSurplusJoanna GarciaPeggy Sanday’s Theory Women’s power and status relations are best when the economic contribution of both is approximately equal or contributions are felt to be equal even if they are not.Joanna GarciaInventive Capacity, Motive, and AchievementInventive ability is probably independent of biological gender. If inventive ability correlates with any other human trait it is not gender but artistic talent and set-breaking thinking. Three things not equal for the two sexes that may inhibit inventive capacityAssuming that women invent wherever they work some early inventions by women may include food preserving, food processing, weaving, knives, scrapers…etc.Joanna GarciaKarl Marx: Class Conflict TheoryBourgeoisie ProletariatOwn the means of productionfactory business landnatural resources Working class selling labor In need of resources which creates conflict with bourgeoisie. Classes divided between Kelly KermodeFeminist and Class Conflict TheoryThe root of Class Conflict:control over the resourcesThe root of Feminist Theorypatriarchal system that holds control over women by devaluing them in societyRosemary Tong Rosemary Tong describes feminism describes feminism like this: “Feminist like this: “Feminist Theory is not one, but Theory is not one, but many theories or many theories or perspectives and each perspectives and each theory attempts to theory attempts to describe Women's describe Women's oppression, and to oppression, and to prescribe strategies for prescribe strategies for Women's liberation.”Women's liberation.”Kelly KermodeMarxist theoriesConflict based on social classsocial class, created by the tension between the proletariatproletariat and the bourgeoisiebourgeoisie Replace the wordsSocial class with patriarchal system Bourgeoisie with men proletariat with women Kelly KermodeGender SocializationMarques DicksonGender SocializationBinarisim is a western belief Two socially constructed genders. Male or FemaleKate Bornstein, says biological sex “classifies a person through body type hormones genitalsGender Identity refers to the sense of being either male or female. Consider the following questions: Do you feel like a woman/man? How did you know what a woman/man would feel like?Marques DicksonGiven what we know how would we attribute a gender to “Jack” Halberstam?Marques DicksonGender expectations and educationThere are more women teachers in K-8thWomen primarily teach dance, music, art and home economicsWomen are usually the counselors, secretaries, “lunch-ladies”More male teachers in the areas of higher education Men teach PE, science, biology and Mathematics  Men in schools are usually the administrators Marques DicksonIs there a Double Standard ?Men are socialized to be “tough guys” Men with feminine qualities are repudiatedMen are judged on what they do. Marques DicksonWomen on the other hand are expected by some to be seen and not heardWomen with feminine qualities Women are judged on the way look and dressGender Expression: “Refers to the manifestation of an individuals fundamental sense of being masculine or feminine through clothing, behavior, grooming, etc.”(Bronstein)Freedoms that Women Lackexplore the physical environmentengage in rough-and-tumble playFree time to play in general Marques DicksonFreedoms that Women Lack cont.Our sex-role stereotypes seek to confine creativity [for women] to: Art music, dance, writing, cooking‘real’ invention and technology have to do with weapons machines chemical compounds. Marques DicksonWhy are women not thought of as inventors?Original U.S. patent law passed in 1790Many women were reluctant to seek patents Some items were never patented, instead advertisedWomen inventions were legal property of the husbandsConfined to “women’s world”First U.S. Woman Patent- Mary Dixon Kies 1809Krystle Garcia-GibbonsWhen you think of typical women inventions you think…Disposable Diaper - Marion DonovanPouch-like infant carrier- Ann MooreBrassiere- Mary Phelps JacobBarbie Doll- Ruth HandlerCooking Stove- Elizabeth HawkDishwasher- Josephine CochranWashing Machine- Margaret ColvinSuspenders- Laura CooneyZigzag Sewing Machine- Helen BlanchardKrystle Garcia-GibbonsYou normally would not consider a woman inventing…Fire escape- Anna ConnellyCar Heater- Margaret WilcoxDam and reservoir construction- Harriet StrongCircular Saw- Tabitha BabbitKevlar-