Food TechnologyWHAT IS FOOD?3 Categories:ChemicalsPhysical FormAcidity LevelDietWhat is Food ProcessingMaking plants edibleForms of Food ProcessingFood Processing TodayFermentationSlide 13FermentationFavorite Fermented FoodsDetoxification TechnologyLeaching ProcessDebittering OlivesSlide 19MillingCA Storage and RipeningWaxingCutting, Trimming, PeelingBlanchingCookingFreezing and RefrigerationCuring and SmokingDehydrationCanningPasteurizationFood PackagingSlide 32Slide 33Food TechnologyAna Y. BernalTami Lomma Haley NiaziMisty Schumaker Robert WuEWS 425April 19, 2005The ProfessionalsWHAT IS FOOD?Definitions:Food – “anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up tissue or supply body heat” (Medical Dictionary)“Food makes your body work, grow, and repair itself.” (healthyeatingclub.com)Misty Schumaker3 Categories:ChemicalsPhysical FormAcidity LevelMisty SchumakerChemicalsMacronutrients-major nutritional components that are present in relatively large amounts Micronutrients-major nutritional components that are present in relatively small amountsFlavorsColorsAdditivesToxinsMisty SchumakerPhysical FormSizeCan affect the extent to which nutrients are digested and absorbed Nutrition- the sum of processes involved in taking in nutrients and breaking them down and utilizing themMisty SchumakerAcidity LevelUsesalters the rate at which the stomach is emptied, food is digested in the small bowels, and the acidity level of the urine Tastesacid = souralkaline = soapy Misty SchumakerDietMisty SchumakerWhat is Food ProcessingFood Processing- the process of making food safe to eat.Making plants edibleDetoxification/ DebitteringForms of processing- removal of toxins and fermentation, milling, controlled storage and packaging, preservation, cooking, and freezing.Robert WuMaking plants edibleAcorns, olives,sago, taro, and breadfruit.PreparationCooking Related to technologyRobert WuForms of Food Processing Removal of toxins & fermentationMillingStorage and RipeningWaxingCutting, Trimming, PeelingBlanchingCooking Freezing and RefrigerationCuring and SmokingDehydrationPasteurizationRobert WuFood Processing TodayTechnology todayCurrent uses of food preparation“Super-Size Me”Robert WuFermentationFermentation is one of oldest forms of food preservation technologies in the worldFermented food involves techniques and procedures that woman have discovered and developed over the centuriesIndigenous fermented foods include bread, cheese, beer, and wine Tami LommaFermented drinks were being produced over 7,000 years ago in BabylonBread making probably originated in Egypt over 3,000 year agoIn Mesopotamia, brewing was a home industry. The brewers were often women Tami LommaFermentationFermentation, initiated by the action of micro-organisms occurs naturally and is often part of the process of decay, especially in fruits and vegetablesIn the case of beer or wine it is a method by which organisms such as yeast obtain their energy by converting sugars into other chemical compounds, particularly carbon dioxide Tami LommaFavorite Fermented FoodsChocolate CoffeeCiderTeaBeerWinePicklesSauerkrautSoy sauceVinegarYogurtTabasco sauce Tami LommaDetoxification TechnologyRunning close behind to woman’s accomplishment in cultivation of plants is her achievement in making harvested plants edible Many of our earliest foods required that the toxins or poisons be removed before eating Other plants required that the bitter taste be removed before eatingA number of toxin removal methods were cultivated by women, notably Acorn and Olive debittering Tami LommaLeaching ProcessAcorns were an essential food source for many Native Americans Acorns were cracked with stones, hulled, cleaned and pounded into flour with a stone pestle The acorns are rinse with water until all the bitter tannic acid is removedThis entire food process was incredibly laborious work for these women Tami LommaDebittering OlivesOlives that sustained Mediterranean cultures also went through a process of debitteringEvidence suggests that olives were cultivate in Crete as long ago as 2,500 B.C.Raw olives contain an alkaloid that makes them bitter and unpalatableThe olivil can be removed by an incredibly exhaustive treatment with pure water which must be change often Tami LommaDetoxification TechnologyAdditional foods needing toxins removed before eating, Taro, Sago, Breadfruit, and Yams Women’s involvement in detoxification technology lead directly to inventions diverse as the stone pestle, graters, sieves and strainers, and mallets Tammi LommaMillingProcess of grinding foods, such as grainResults in loss of nutrientsHALEY NIAZICA Storage and RipeningProcess of storing foods in a controlled atmosphereAllows foods to be available year roundDoes not effect the nutritional valueHALEY NIAZIWaxingProcess of adding an artificial coat of wax to some fruits and vegetablesImproves appearanceSlows the loss of moisture and wiltingHALEY NIAZICutting, Trimming, PeelingProcess of removing inedible portions of foodLoss of nutrients when the skin is removedTrimming meat can result in loss of energy and saturated fatHALEY NIAZIBlanchingProcess of heating foods with steam or water without cooking the foodPrepares food for stages of food processingSome water soluble nutrients are lostHALEY NIAZICookingProcess that produces the desired texture and flavorMakes food easier to digest and removes toxic elementsPressure cooking is the process of cooking foods at a higher temperature for a shorter period of timeCooking can result in a loss of nutrientsHALEY NIAZIFreezing and RefrigerationProcess of storing foods at lowtemperaturesSome frozen fruits and vegetableshave more nutrients than fresh foodsFreezing and refrigeration slows the growth of microorganismsIce crystals may form during freezing that effect taste and texture of thawed foodsFoods include: meat, fish, eggs, milk, fruits and vegetablesHALEY NIAZICuring and SmokingCuring is a process that involves adding spices and salts to meat productsSmoking is a flavoring technique that slowly cooks meat products over a low wood
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