HorticultureHorticulture Cultivation: Tools and ProcessesThe HoeThe SpadeThe PloughThe PloughThe Horticulture WomenSlide 8Woman and AgricultureSlide 10IrrigationSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Fertilizier ContinuedDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTSDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTSDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTSFood Processing: Detoxification & DebitteringWhat is Food ProcessingMaking Foods EdibleMaking Foods EdibleHow Is Food Processing Related to Technology?Making Foods Edible : DetoxificationMaking Foods Edible: DebitteringMaking Foods Edible: DebitteringDifferent Forms of Food ProcessingAnimal HusbandryWhat is Animal Husbandry?New Breeds and VarietiesNew Breeds and VarietiesNew Breeds and VarietiesNew Breeds and VarietiesCare of LivestockCare of LivestockCare of LivestockDairy & Poultry InventionsDairy & Poultry InventionsDairy & Poultry InventionsDairy & Poultry InventionsHorticulture Team Blue TigersJennifer HawkinsKevin KhyMan Wing Amy Lui Marilan Luong Tiffany NguyenHorticultureCultivation: Tools and ProcessesMan Wing Amy Lui•Horticulture was developed before 8000BC in Old Europe•New tools for cultivation were mainly created by women, including–The Hoe–The Spade–The Plough•Women were the farmers, therefore they had the knowledge of the craftThe HoeMan Wing Amy Lui It is widely used by females as it seems safeEdward Hyams: New Stone Age – the inventors of gardening, are almost certainly womenIn Neolithic culture, women are buried with hoes and men are not.It is used to loosen the soil, breaks up large clods to create the proper tilth and kill weeds.Image of “Woman Hoeing the World Snake”The SpadeMan Wing Amy LuiIt is an important tool for cultivation, invented by women, is used for thousand of yearsIt is originally made by woodMen clear new land, and women use spade to plant.Incas believed crops must be planted by women, or else the crops would not growThe PloughMan Wing Amy LuiIt is one of the two marks conventionally distinguishing agriculture from horticultureIt is for preparing the soil for seeding or plantingWomen were not credited in this invention because of:Today’s thinking of strength in using a modern plough does not go with capability of a femalePeople believe female is not strong enough to take control over a ploughThe PloughMan Wing Amy LuiFacts that women were reported the stronger sex and they were the first users of a plough:Women, did so much work in cultivation, carry home with a heavy load of crops and firewood and walk for milesFemales begin to be labor in age of 9 or 10, and the point is not who seems to be stronger, but who is trained for strengthWomen were basically the primary cultivatorsThe Horticulture Women Man Wing Amy LuiFemale labors hold the daily tasks:Plant and harvest cropsCollect and haul firewoodCollect and move the clay for potteryOften build houses or sheltersDEFINITION OF AGRICULTURE:Tiffany NguyenAccording to Dictionary.com, agriculture can be defined as the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, feeding, breeding and raising livestock. It can also be viewed as the production of crops, livestock, or poultry.WOMAN AND AGRICULTUREThroughout the world, both women and men play a critical role in agriculture.The main producers of the world’s staple crops are rural woman. Even though women are an important aspect in agriculture, they are considered to be the most disadvantaged of populationsGender bias and gender blindness still persist Tiffany NguyenTiffany NguyenIRRIGATIONDefinition: According to dictionary.com, irrigation can be defined as the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops.Tiffany Nguyen2 basic types of irrigationBringing plants to the waterBringing water to the plantsWomen have mainly been associated with the first type of irrigationWomen were considered cultivators and society relatively egalitarian in the Ubaid periodTiffany NguyenSemiramisBamboo aqueducts that brought water to the houses were created by Dyak women in MalaysiaTiffany NguyenKevin KhyFire as a Land-clearing Tool & FertilizationKevin KhyFire as land-clearing toolGatherer-hunters-Women were first to tame fire, to clear land for their gardens. - Men did the heavier work, while women set the fires. Kevin KhyFertilizerThe role of women in fertilizer history. Accidental Enrichment Menstrual Blood Originated from ancient Greek Thesmophoria.Great Autumn FestivalHerring buried by Massachusetts NativesSupplied rich combination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Burning Kelp (Orkneys)Women were probably the first seaweed expertsNew Guinea Highlands Women plant Casuarina trees Women are primary producersKevin KhyIn africa both sexes clear land for planting. Men = Prestigious, Dangerous, and Ritualized form of tree- cuttingWomen = Collect brushwood to burn. They know the fertilizing effect of ash and sterilizing and weed killing effects of the flames.Kevin KhyFertilizier ContinuedDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTSJENNIFER HAWKINSDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTS•Women are credited with domesticating and improving the selection of all basic food plants, including those that the world eats today. •During the Green Revolution (Neolithic Revolution)•150 of the hundred thousand plant species have been commercially cultivated for food–85% of our food by weight and 95% of our calories and protein•75% of all human food energy come from cereals which were domesticated in prehistory–Wheat–Rice–Maize–Barley–Oats–Sorghum–Millet–RyeJENNIFERDOMESTICATION AND SELECTIVE BREEDING OF PLANTSOther high protein grains and plants domesticated MILLED QUINOA WINGED BEAN TARWIJENNIFERFood Processing: Detoxification & Debittering Marilan LuongWhat is Food ProcessingConversion of raw materials into convenient & practical product for consumption•Plants•NutsEntails- removal of toxins and fermentation, milling, controlled storage and packaging, preservation, cooking, and freezing.MarilanLuongMaking Foods EdibleFoods are often poisonous or inedible in their natural state• Examples include:Marilan Luong Acorn Olives Taro Sago BreadfruitMaking Foods EdibleHow to make them safe?•Figure out ways of preparation and cooking