BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture II Plasma membrane III Phospholipids and Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic parts IV Diffusion and concentration gradient V Aquaporins VI Active and Passive Transport VII Endocytosis Outline of Current Lecture VIII What Is Energy and What Are the Different Types IX Entropy X Energy and Calories XI Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions XII ATP XIII Enzymes Current Lecture Energy o Energy is the ability to do work or capacity to bring about movement against opposing force o Potential energy stored energy o Kinetic energy energy in motion o Waterwheels on rivers were sole source of energy in Colonial America Entropy o Is the measure of disorder or randomness o Entropy increases when chemical bond energy is changed to mechanical energy Most energy that is not available for work is lost as heat We only capture about 34 of energy produced in a conventional power plant Energy and calories o Energy in food is measured in calories o Calorie how much energy it takes to raise 1 kg of water by 1 degree C o Fats compact energy into molecules o Fats have a lot of energy because they have a lot of hydrogen o One mole of glucose 686 calories Endergonic and Exergonic These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Endergonic reactions require energy products have more energy than reactants o Exergonic reactions release energy o Cocking flexing muscles is an endergonic reaction ATP o Is energy dispenser for all living things o Catabolism breakdown of molecules This is seen when ATP transforms into ADP o ATP adenosine triphosphate o Hydrolysis of ATP adding water and producing a phosphate group and ADP and energy o Process of ATP dispensing energy Energy from food required to push 3rd phosphate group onto ADP Energy stored as phosphate bond in ATP Energy released when phosphate bond is broken used for everyday activities Enzymes o Are proteins that speed up chemical reactions o Lower the activation barrier or energy o Prefix ase indicates an enzyme o Active sites are where molecule bonds to enzyme o Substrate what s being affected usually at active site by enzyme o Enzymes are not changed in reactions and are thus catalysts o To de nature a protein to cause it to lose its structure o Enzyme substrate enzyme substrate enzyme product
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