BIOL 1103 1nd Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last LectureII. Hydrogen Bonds and PolarityIII. IsotopesIV. Water Molecules and Basics of pHOutline of Current Lecture V. Carbona. Mitochondrial Processes and Plant ProcessesVI. Functional GroupsVII. Carbs and NutritionCurrent Lecture- Carbon:o Life is based on carbon atomo Carbon atoms squeeze together to form a diamondo Everything that was once alive is recycled through photosynthesiso Plants give off AND use oxygeno A lot of life processes are dependent upon ATP made in plant’s mitochondriao Almost all things that are alive undergo cellular respirationo Our mitochondria forms water from the food we eat This is how desert animals are able to survive months without watero Carbon can link with other carbon; easy to form large moleculeso Carbon can form many different chemical structures (rings, double bond, etc.)- Functional Groups:o Functional group = group of atoms that confers special property on carbon-basedmolecule Amino group = acts as a base, can pick up protons Phosphates = acts as a base, can pick up protonso Polymers include: proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acido Monomers include: amino acids, simple sugars, fatty acids and glycerol, nucleotideso Monosaccharide = glucose polysaccharide version = cellulose- Carbohydrates = CH2O (carbo = carbon + hydrate = water)o Carbs have two purposes: Energy (empty calories) Structure (cell walls of plants and fungi, external skeleton in anthrapods)o Carbs help us produce ATPo Glucose, fructose, galactose are all monosaccharides that share this formula:
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