BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture II. Photosynthesis vs. cellular respirationIII. The Carbon CycleIV. Chlorophyll and ChloroplastsV. Light VI. Two Parts of Photosynthesisa. The Calvin CycleVII. Three Types of PhotosynthesisOutline of Current Lecture VIII. Mitosis and CytokinesisIX. DNA and MitosisX. ChromosomesXI. Mitosis StagesXII. Cell CycleXIII. CancerCurrent Lecture- Mitosis and cytokinesis:o Mitosis = making complete copy of genetic information in nucleus resulting in two nuclei that are genetically identicalo Cytokinesis = physical separation of one cell into two daughter cellso These processes are seen in embryonic development of a fertilized egg and in cellreplacement, in which cell division In tissue replaces old cells to heal wounds andreplace damaged cells- DNA and mitosis:o DNA = code for making primary sequence of proteinso Consists of A, T, C, G A bonds with T and G with Co During mitosis, DNA unwinds are 2 new helixes are synthesized from each strando DNA is packaged into chromosomes- Chromosomes:o Walter Flemming was cytologist that published work of cell mitosis and of “chroma + soma” These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Chromosome duplication process produces sister chromatids Centromere= where sister chromatids are held togethero Diploids = 2 sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent Humans have 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes Women have XX sex chromosomes and men have XY- Mitosis phases:o Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseoo- Cell cycle:o G1 Synthesis G2 Mitosis Cytokinesis G1…oo Interphase in the state in which our cells our not doing anything; most of the cells in your body are currently in interphase- Nerve cells do not continue to divide but skin cells do- Cancer:o Cancer is caused by the overdoing of mitosis and cytokinesiso Three traits of cancer cells: Divide when they should not Have capacity to invade surrounding tissue Have capacity to metastasize—or leave original location and invade tissuesomewhere else- When cancer cells metastasize, the tumor becomes malignant; if they stay in the same place, the tumor is benigno Two things required for cancer: Control mechanisms that induce cell division must become hyperactive; these are mechanisms are called oncogenes Mechanisms that suppress cell division must fail; these mechanisms are called tumor suppressor
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