BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II. –ose Sugars III. CaloriesIV. LipidsOutline of Current Lecture V. Cholesterola. Saturated and trans fatsb. HydrogenationVI. SteroidsVII. PhospholipidsVIII. Protein Structure Current Lecture- Cholesterol:o Cholesterol is a lipid and protein comboo High-Density cholesterol (HDL) = “good cholesterol”, “Happy cholesterol”, clears cholesterol from system by taking it to livero Low-Density cholesterol (LDL) = “bad, Lousy cholesterol”, carries cholesterol fromliver to heart o LDL can get into arteries form plaque cause heart diseaseo Cholesterol is a waxy fato Omega 3 fatty acids are healthy because they raise HDL levels; reduce growth of fatty deposits ‘omega’ = ‘end’ omega 3 = double bond 3 from the end Found in fish, flaxseed, oilso Saturated fats = hydrogen atom attached to every carbon; raise LDL levelso Trans fats = raise LDL levelso Hydrogenation = adding hydrogen to double bonds in unsaturated fats and this makes them semi-solid Oleomargarine is white after hydrogenated and then yellow dye is added Crisco is hydrogenated oil Hydrogenation forms trans fats o Healthful to most harmful fats:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Fats with omega 3 mono/polyunsaturated fats saturated fats trans fats- Steroids:o Classed as lipids because they’re insoluble in watero Made of carbon and hydrogen o Side chains make steroids uniqueo Estrogen, testosterone, cholesterol natural steroidso Anabolic steroids used to help build muscle- Phospholipids:o Make up cell membraneo Polar head and nonpolar tailo When immersed in water, polar heads stick in water and nonpolar tails steer away from watero Phospholipid bilayer makes up cell membrane- The more hydrogen you have, the more energy you have- Proteins are polymer version of amino acids- Protein structure:o Primary structure = its sequence of amino acidso Secondary structure = shape (corkscrew, coil)o Tertiary structure = where it folds on itselfo Quaternary structure = formed by hemoglobin linking many polypeptides togethero Enzymes are types of
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