BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture II. Cholesterola. Saturated and trans fatsb. HydrogenationIII. SteroidsIV. PhospholipidsV. Protein Structure Outline of Current Lecture VI. History of the CellVII. Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesVIII. Cell Parts and NucleusCurrent Lecture- History of the Cello Van Leeuwenhoek “father of microbiology”o Hooke was first to apply the word “cell” to biology; did so in his writings Micrographiao Transmission Electron Microscope is most significant piece of equipment to look at cellso With exception of viruses, every form of life is a cell or comes from cellso Cells come into existence through activity of other cells- Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes:o Prokaryotes = bacteria; without nucleio Eukaryotes = have membrane-bound nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, animals)o Bacteria existed one billion years before eukaryoteso Free-living bacteria are probably the ancestors of mitochondria found in eukaryoteso In eukaryote: DNA, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are circularo Bacteria is significantly smaller than eukaryoteso Bacteria may not need oxygen (anaerobic prokaryotes)o Principles of eukaryotes: Nucleus Organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Cytosol (cytoplasm) Cytoskeleton Plasma membrane- Cell parts/nucleus:o Nucleus is so important because it contains DNAo Nuclei have double membranes called envelopeso Nuclear pore = protein embedded in envelopeo Nucleolus = ribosomal subulance o Chromosomes are not visible until a cell divides (or undergoes mitosis)o Organelles carry out special functions such as energy transferring and material recyclingo Cytoskeleton = network of protein filamentso Plasma membrane is outer liningo Outer membrane of nuclear envelope is continuous with endoplasmic reticulumo Cell wall of plants comes from Golgi apparatus Golgi complex is not present in plant cellso Mitochondria function to extract energy from food and transform energy to ATP Found in all eukaryotic cells Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP produces in mitochondria All living things use ATPo Active muscle cells have the most mitochondria because they need ATP the mosto Plants cells have three structures not found in animal cells: Cell wall gives plants their structure Central vacuole Chloroplasts slightly larger than mitochondria and where photosynthesis takes placeo Central vacuole stores nutrients and waste productso Cell wall helps regulate retention and intake of watero During photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide, and minerals go in and sugar and oxygen come
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