BIOL 1103 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture II. Carbona. Mitochondrial Processes and Plant ProcessesIII. Functional GroupsIV. Carbs and NutritionOutline of Current Lecture V. –ose Sugars VI. CaloriesVII. LipidsCurrent Lecture- If an example of a monomer is amino acid, the polymer example is a polypeptide or protein - If an example of a monomer is a nucleotide, the polymer example is nucleic acid- Sugars:o Lactose intolerance = when the small intestine does not produce enough lacTASE enzymes to digest lacTOSE (the sugar found in dairy products) Glucose + galactose = lactoseo Maltose (malt sugar) = disaccharide; made from barley starch and fermented by yeast to make beer Dehydration synthesis with maltose = water is removed between monomers and a new bond is formed to make maltose; digestion undoes this process by adding water and dissolving maltose into two molecule of glucoseo Disaccharides (sugars): Glucose +glucose = maltose (malt sugar) Glucose + fructose = sucrose (table sugar) Glucose + galactose = lactose (milk sugar)o Polysaccharides (complex sugars): Starch Glycogen Cellulose ChitinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Human livers contain glycogen (also called animal starch)o Cellulose makes up plant cell walls; humans cannot digest ito Chitin makes up cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropodso High fructose corn syrup = any group of corn sugars that has undergone enzymatic processing to convert some glucose into fructose to produce desired sweetness HFCS 55—found in soft drinks—is 55% fructose and 42% glucose Studies show that obesity rises with use of HFCS- Calories:o Calories are the amount of energy or heat that it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Co Gallon of gas contains 31,000,000 calorieso Calories on food packages are actually kilocalories (1 kcal=1000 cal)o 1 g of fat=9 calorieso 1 g of protein=4 calorieso 1 g of carbs=4 calso 1 g of alcohol=7 calso 1 lb of body fat=3500 calso McDonald’s large size meal=1350 cals- Lipids:o Are a saturated fatty acid; solid at room temp; are hydrophobic—‘hate water’o Saturated fats = no double bondso Monounsaturated = one double bondo Polyunsaturated = many double bonds; these types of fats are liquid at room temp and are usually oilso Glycerol + 3 fatty acids =
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