BIOL 3454 1nd Edition Lecture 20 Lecture 10 29 I Phylum Nematomorpha a Roots Greet menatos thread and morpha form b Horsehair worms c About 320 species d Worldwide e Free living as adults and parasitic in arthropods as juveniles f 1m or smaller in length g Anterior end rounded h Posterior end rounded with 2 3 caudal lobes i No circulatory respiratory and excretory systems j Nerve ring around pharynx and midventral nerve cord k Dioecious l Gonads empty into cloaca through gonoduct eggs discharged into water in long strings II Phylum Kinorhyncha a Roots greek kinein to move and rhynchos break b About 180 species c Worldwide d Intertidal to 8000m e Live in sediment f Head neck and trunk regions g Trunk has 11 segments h Head has spines called scalids that function as locomotion chemoreception and mechanoreception i Body has chitinous cuticle cellular epidermis and longitudinal epidermal cords j Cant swim burrow in mud and anchor with spines k Digestive system complete l Probosicis m Pseudocoel filled amebocytes and organs with little fluid space n Pair of multinucleated soleonocyte protonephridium serves as excretory system o NS in contact with epidermis and multilobed brain p Separate sexes q Paried gonads and gonoducts r 6 juveniles stages s Nonmolting adult III Phylum Priapulida a Roots Greek priapos phallus b Marine cold water c Live in sediment These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute d Cylindrical bodies e Burrowing and predaceous feeding on soft bodied invertebrates f Body has an introvert trunk and 1 or 2 caudal appendages g Introvert has papillae and curved spines called scalids around mouth h Trunk has 30 to 100 rings covered in tubercules and spines probably sensory i Muscular pharynx straight intestine rectum j Nerve ring around pharynx and midventral nerve cord k Amebocytes occur in body cavity l Respiratory pigment called hemerythrin m Separate sexes n External fertilization o Females brood embryos IV Phylum Loricifera a Root Latin lorica corset and Greek phora bearing b Described in 1983 c Tiny all have a protective case called a lorica d Live in marine gravel e Body has 5 regions mouth cone head or introvert neck thorax abdomen f 9 circlets of scalids on introvert locomotion and sensory g Body can retract into lorica h Pseudocoelomate or acoelomate i Dioecious j Larval phase called Higgins k Life cycle benthic and pelagic V Clade Panarthropoda a Arthropods and 2 allied taxa b Onychophora and tardigrada c Coelom reduced d New cavity called a hemocoel e Coelom mixed with blastocoel f Lined by extra cellular matric not mesoderm VI Phylum Onycophora a Roots Greek onyx claw and pherein to bear b Velvet or walking worms c About 70 species most in rainforest d Most predaceous on insects gastropods and annelids e 500 million year fossil history with little change f Cylindrical with no external segmentation except for paired appendages g Body studded with tubercules some with sensory bristles h Head with one pair of large antennae i Clawlike mandibles j Oral papillae that secrete slime for defense k 14 34 pair of unjointed legs that are short and stubby and clawed l Muscular body wall m Each segment with legs has a pair of nephridia with a veicle ciliated funnel duct and nephridiopohore that opens at the base of each leg n Tracheal system for respiration o Openings are spiracles cannot close so are restricted to moist habitats p NS organized like a ladder pair of ventral nerve cords with smaller nerves acting as steps q Well developed eye r Group hunting s Dioecious t Paired reproductive organs u Some matrotrophic and some lecithotrophic VII Phylum Tardigrada a Roots latin tardus slow and gradus step b Water bears c 900 species terrestrial and live in water film surrounding moss d Share many characteristics with arthropods e Cylindrical unsegemented body f 4 pairs of stubby unjointed legs each with 4 to 8 claws g Nonchitinous cuticle molted atleast 4 times h Moth opens to buccal tune leads into muscular pharynx adapted for sucking i Needlelike stylets pierce cells and suck out contents j At junction of intestine meets rectum 3 excretory glands and empty into digestive tube k Most of body cavity a hemocoel l No circulatory or respiratory system m No swimming no circular muscles n Crawl awkwardly o Large brain with eyes p Separate sexes q Females are parthenogenetic r Fertilize by cuticle piercing s Some cement eggs into an object others leave them in the molted cuticle t Indirect fertilization male inserts sperm in eggs in molted cuticle u Suspended animation i Cryptobiosis metabolism barely perceptible ii Can withstand harsh conditions iii Extreme temps dehydration radiation strong chemicals and can survive for years