BIOL 3454 2nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Current LectureI. Evolution:II. Darwin/Wallace Theorya. Perpetual change b. Common decent c. Multiplication of speciesd. Gradualism e. Natural selection III. 1930’s modern synthesis IV. Fusion of genetics with evolutionary theoryV. Lamark – inheritance of acquired characteristics – 1809VI. Principles of biology a. Sir Charles Lyell b. UniformitarianismVII. Chagas Disease a. It was believed Darwin had this diseaseb. Extreme fatiguec. Attracted by bug biteVIII. What was Darwin missing?a. Took him a long time to publish b. Social hymenopterans (eusociality) don’t pass on genes in reproduction c. Wallace writes Darwin with the same theory d. Together they write and publish “Origin of Species” published in 1859IX. In 1930’s modern biology startsX. Discipline of genetics - a. Allows quantifications of relatedness among individualsXI. Theory of natural selection – a. Variation among individuals b. Some of the variation is heritable c. More offspring produced than can survived. Different survival & reproduction based on variation e. More successful variants proliferate XII. Life has a common origina. All life has a common origin b. One or very few common ancestors – asexual reproduction, autotrophicXIII. Phylogenetic tree a. Shows relatedness & divergenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Relative c. Can include time & distanceXIV. Speciation – 2 main modes in animals a. Allopatric – most commonb. Non-allopatric – sympatric, parasympatric, chromosomalXV. Vicariance based allopatric speciation – populations isolated, diverge, become different speciesXVI. Madagascar is an examplea. Off the coast of Africa b. Example of vicariance & isolation c. 90% of all plants and animals are endemic (found nowhere else)XVII. Isolation of Populations a. Courtship incompatibility – premating & prezygotic b. Gamete incompatibility – postmating & prezygoticc. Reduced offspring fitness – postmating & postzygotic XVIII. Sympatric speciation – niche based a. Very rare in animals b. Common in plants c. Rhagoletis fliesXIX. Sympatric speciation – chromosome
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