BIOL 3454 1nd Edition Lecture 8 I. Development of Ectoderm a. Nervous system b. Thickens to form neural plate above notochord to form neural platec. Nerve cells grow & develop by cues external to the cell like a road mapII. Development of endoderm a. Digestive systemb. Alimentary canal emerges from te primitive gutc. Lungs liver pancreas all emerge from the gutd. Gill arches & their derivative (jaw & ears) emerge from endodermIII. Development of mesoderma. Forms musclesb. Repeated segments of somites c. Muscular organs like heartIV. Chapter 9V. Animal architecture VI. Hermit crabs – steal/find own shellVII. Grades of organisms complexity a. Protoplasmic – unicellular organisms, protoplasm divided into organelles b. Cellular – division of labor among aggregated cells that are functionally different c. Cell tissue – aggregations of similar cells into patterns or layers specialized for a commonfunctiond. Tissue organ – tissues combined with other types of tissue to form a structure with a more complex function than a single tissue e. Organ system – organs working together for a common higher function across the spatialand temporal dimensions of the organism VIII. Phylogenetic constraint a. Where you start has a great effect on where you finish b. Animal body plans are phylogenetically constrained i. Binolcular vision b/c primate ancestors swung through trees & needed depth perception c. Major examples in animalsi. Symmetryii. Number of germ layersiii. Number of body cavities d. Symmetry i. Spherical –c ut any way & will always be mirror imagines ii. Radial – 2 similar halves longitudinal axis iii. Front is different than back iv. Biradiale. Its good to be radial if environment meets needs on all sides These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.f. Optimize shape to move = bilateral IX. Coelems a. Coel – any hollow or open spaceb. Aceoelmatec. Pseudoceolomated. CoelomateX. Extracellular componentXI. Epithelial tissues a. Covers outside of body b. Tight junctions c. Basal side attached d. Simple = 1 layere. Cuboidal = cubed shaped f. Columnar = g. Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar – mucus membranes h. Simple squamous – diffusion i. Stratified squeamous – durable j. Transifional – stretching XII. Connective tissuea. 6 types of connective tissuei. Loose connective tissue ii. Cartilageiii. fibrous connectiveiv. Adipose v. Blood vi. Bone b. 3 types of connective tissue fiberi. Catagenous fibersii. Elastic fibersc. 2 major cell types found in connective tissue i. Fiberblastsii. Macrophagesd. Older you get the less cartilage – wears down chondrocytes – chonderoitin sulfate – cushion between disk jointse. Adipose – few cells ; when get big add fat to a cell don’t increase of decrease # of cells f. Muscle tissue – i. Actin & myosin (contraction )ii. Skeletal muscle – voluntary movement iii. Smooth muscle – involuntary movement iv. Cardiac muscle – heart contractions g. Nervous tissue i. Stimulation sense & transmits signals ii. Neurons – nerve cells iii. Glial cells – nourish insulate & replenishh. Complexity & body sizei. Length increases volume increases more quickly than surface area ii. Larger animals have less volume exposed iii. Increased surface area by changing shapeiv. Develop transport systems v. Bigger the animal the less energy used vi. The bigger the animal the faster it
View Full Document
Unlocking...