BIOL 3454 1nd Edition Lecture 8 I II III IV V VI VII VIII Development of Ectoderm a Nervous system b Thickens to form neural plate above notochord to form neural plate c Nerve cells grow develop by cues external to the cell like a road map Development of endoderm a Digestive system b Alimentary canal emerges from te primitive gut c Lungs liver pancreas all emerge from the gut d Gill arches their derivative jaw ears emerge from endoderm Development of mesoderm a Forms muscles b Repeated segments of somites c Muscular organs like heart Chapter 9 Animal architecture Hermit crabs steal find own shell Grades of organisms complexity a Protoplasmic unicellular organisms protoplasm divided into organelles b Cellular division of labor among aggregated cells that are functionally different c Cell tissue aggregations of similar cells into patterns or layers specialized for a common function d Tissue organ tissues combined with other types of tissue to form a structure with a more complex function than a single tissue e Organ system organs working together for a common higher function across the spatial and temporal dimensions of the organism Phylogenetic constraint a Where you start has a great effect on where you finish b Animal body plans are phylogenetically constrained i Binolcular vision b c primate ancestors swung through trees needed depth perception c Major examples in animals i Symmetry ii Number of germ layers iii Number of body cavities d Symmetry i Spherical c ut any way will always be mirror imagines ii Radial 2 similar halves longitudinal axis iii Front is different than back iv Biradial e Its good to be radial if environment meets needs on all sides These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IX X XI XII f Optimize shape to move bilateral Coelems a Coel any hollow or open space b Aceoelmate c Pseudoceolomate d Coelomate Extracellular component Epithelial tissues a Covers outside of body b Tight junctions c Basal side attached d Simple 1 layer e Cuboidal cubed shaped f Columnar g Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar mucus membranes h Simple squamous diffusion i Stratified squeamous durable j Transifional stretching Connective tissue a 6 types of connective tissue i Loose connective tissue ii Cartilage iii fibrous connective iv Adipose v Blood vi Bone b 3 types of connective tissue fiber i Catagenous fibers ii Elastic fibers c 2 major cell types found in connective tissue i Fiberblasts ii Macrophages d Older you get the less cartilage wears down chondrocytes chonderoitin sulfate cushion between disk joints e Adipose few cells when get big add fat to a cell don t increase of decrease of cells f Muscle tissue i Actin myosin contraction ii Skeletal muscle voluntary movement iii Smooth muscle involuntary movement iv Cardiac muscle heart contractions g Nervous tissue i Stimulation sense transmits signals ii Neurons nerve cells iii Glial cells nourish insulate replenish h Complexity body size i Length increases volume increases more quickly than surface area ii Larger animals have less volume exposed iii Increased surface area by changing shape iv Develop transport systems v Bigger the animal the less energy used vi The bigger the animal the faster it is
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