Lecture 13Outline of Previous LectureI. Companion animalsII. ToxinsIII. ParasitesIV. DiseasesV. ReproductionOutline of Current LectureI. Health and WelfareII. DiseaseIII. Immune SystemIV. Operational Health ProgramsV. PreventionCurrent LectureLearning objectivesTo understand the importance of keeping animals healthy and stress freeTo be able to identify common diseases of livestockTo understand programs in place to keep animals healthyHealth and WelfareSuccess of livestock producers requires proper animal husbandry (properly take care of animals)Animals will not produce efficiently under undesirable conditionsProducers work on ways to reduce animals stress (when animals are stressed they go off feed-in dairy cattle milk production is reduced)Feeding systems, working systems, living environment, health enhancements (vaccinations)i.e. dairy, swine, beef cattle, sheep and goats, horse, dogs and catsThe Healthy animalHealthy=free from diseaseDisease-state other than complete wellnessCan be caused by virus, bacteria, internal or external parasites, broken bones, biochemical problems with body.Clinical signs-outward appearance or symptoms that’s not normalDiseasePathology is the study of the essential nature of diseasesEtiology refers to the cause of disease or the study of the cause of diseaseProducer and veterinary interaction to insure animal welfareRequirements of an infectious diseaseOrganism must enter body of hostSkin, cut, mouth, noseMust be able to adapt to host environment and reproduceMust be able to exit bodyComplete cycle by attacking another hostThe healthy animalsGoal of animal producers is to enhance the animals resistance to environmental or man made pathogensVaccinationsFacultiesGeneticsImmune systemThe bodies ability to prevent sickensLevels of protection are provided bySkin, mucous membranesLining of GI TractAntibody productionAntibodies are protein molecules that are able to recognize harmful organisms and prevent them from haring the bodyDeveloping immunityPassive immunityPassed from mother to offspring during gestation or from colostrumShort term immunity (protection) and protection from organisms the dam was exposed toActive immunityWhen antibodies are produced by the animal from exposure to an organism or vaccinationOperation Health programsPrevention-key to keeping animals healthyManagementNutritionGeneticsIsolation/quarantine (SWINE INDUSTRY)Animal IdentificationQuickly identify sick animalsManagementConsult specialistsStay current on new management systemsNutritionBalanced rations-specie specificProper boy condition score (BCS)Fresh, clean water (no contaminants)Reduced metabolic problemsMilk fever, urinary calculi, ketosisGrass tetany, a flotoxins, nitrate poisoningsColic, founderCommon problemsCaseousLymphadenitis (CL)Sheep and goatsTetanusOperation Health ProgramsGenetics-eliminate animals with problemsSheep and goatScrapie, entropion, spider lamb syndrome, footrot (due to wet places), internal parasites (must cull entire herd)CattleCurly calf syndrome (angus)SwinePSS-Porcine Stress SyndromeHorsesHyperkalemia periodic paralysis disease (HyPP)Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM)Isolation/QuarantineSeparate new animals for 6-8 weeksTest animals for any diseasePerform soundness exams on horsesAnimal IdentificationTraceability of animalsGood record keepingEar tagMicrochipTattooOperation Health programsQuickly identify sick animalsQuarantine (if necessary)Diagnose, treat, document treatmentFollow drug withdrawals and injection site locationsIdentify cause of sicknessDevelop plan for short term and long term preventionBody TemperatureSpecieRectal Temp (degree F)Cattle101.5Sheep/Goat102Pig102Dog102Cat101.5Horse100Animal-human interactionZoonotic Disease-disease that can pass from between animals and humansi.e- ring worm-spreads like crazyPreventionPasteurization of milk, eggs, etc.Salmonella (caused by not cooking thoroughly and cross contaminationE.coliInspection of meat productsTrichinosisProper sanitation proceduresVaccination of animalsRabiesElimination of infected animals- herdsEconomic impactMad Cow Disease (BSE)Avian FluBird FluFoot and mouth DiseaseEquine Infectious AnemiaFederal ProgramsUSDA’s inspection programsAPHIS- Animal and plant health inspection serviceProtects and promotes US agricultureAnimal welfareCustomsEmergency management and homeland securityNational animal identification systemsTrace back program to quickly identify and trace sick animalsANSC 107 1nd EditionLecture 13 Outline of Previous Lecture I. Companion animalsII. Toxins III. Parasites IV. Diseases V. Reproduction  Outline of Current Lecture I. Health and Welfare II. DiseaseIII. Immune System IV. Operational Health Programs V. PreventionCurrent Lecture  Learning objectives- To understand the importance of keeping animals healthy and stress free- To be able to identify common diseases of livestock- To understand programs in place to keep animals healthy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Health and Welfare- Success of livestock producers requires proper animal husbandry (properly take careof animals)- Animals will not produce efficiently under undesirable conditions - Producers work on ways to reduce animals stress (when animals are stressed they go off feed-in dairy cattle milk production is reduced)o Feeding systems, working systems, living environment, health enhancements (vaccinations) i.e. dairy, swine, beef cattle, sheep and goats, horse, dogs and cats  The Healthy animal- Healthy=free from disease- Disease-state other than complete wellnesso Can be caused by virus, bacteria, internal or external parasites, broken bones,biochemical problems with body.- Clinical signs-outward appearance or symptoms that’s not normal  Disease- Pathology is the study of the essential nature of diseases- Etiology refers to the cause of disease or the study of the cause of disease- Producer and veterinary interaction to insure animal welfare Requirements of an infectious disease- Organism must enter body of hosto Skin, cut, mouth, nose- Must be able to adapt to host environment and reproduce- Must be able to exit body - Complete cycle by attacking another host The healthy animals - Goal of animal producers is to enhance the animals resistance to environmental or man made pathogenso Vaccinationso