ANSC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. General TermsOutline of Current Lecture II. Breeds of LivestockIII. Breeds of Cattlea. British Breedsb. Bos Indicus Breedsc. Exotic Breedsd. Dairy Cattle BreedsCurrent LectureBreed-Animals of common origin having characteristics that distinguish them other groups within the same species- Most breeds were developed to fit a set of environmental constraints o Climate, forage supply, specific production goals - It is useful to segregate breeds according to maturity rates o Indicator of frame size, leanness, marbling ability, muscling, fleshing ability, and fertility Ranking Breeds- Sire Breed- Fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking (terminal breed)o Charolais, Chianina, Limousin, Maine Anjou, Hampshire (swine), White Cornish, Suffolk - Maternal Breed- early maturing sexually, inherently fertile, moderate to heavy milking, small to moderate size o Angus, Herford, Brahman, Tarentaise, Yorkshire, Leghorn, Rambouillet *”There is more variation within breed than there is between breeds”*- Examples-Marbling in Angus, total lbs of milk production in Holsteins, pacing and trotting in standard bred horses, speed over a mile in Thorough bred horses, and heat tolerance in Brahmans These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Why do we cross breed?- Heterosiso Ability of offspring to out perform the average of the parents breed- Complimentary of traitso Take advantage of parents desirable traits - **Make the animals fit the environment***Breeds of Cattle British Breeds- Angus (Scotland) o Black, excellent marbling, good milking production, early maturing sexually - Hereford (England) o Red with white faces, adaptable to many environments, poorest marblingo Cancer eye - Shorthorn (England)o Red, white and roan, excellent milk production, moderate sizeBos Indicus Breed- Brahman (India)o Cross of three Indian breeds, heat tolerance, poorest marblingo Short hair, big ears, can dissipate heat - Brangus (USA)o 5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman, moderate size, more efficient- Santa Gertrudis (USA)o Developed on King Ranch in Kingsville, TX by Robert J. Kleberg o Composite breed- Beefmaster (USA)o 50% Brahman 25% Shorthorn and 25% Hereford o Longevity, maternal ability, conformation, fertility o Most productive-combines 3 traits instead of 2***Exotic Breeds - Charolais (France) o Off white, extremely fast growing, muscular, heavy birth weight-Dystocia (difficult birth) - Chianina (Italy)o Extremely large framed, Not considered maternal breedo Black because of marketing - Limousin (France)o Reddish gold in color, moderate sized- Texas Longhorno Almost extinct-purchased in Oklahoma o 20 cows, 4 calves and 3 bulls Dairy Cattle Breeds - Brown Swiss (Switzerland)o Large docile breed from Swiss alps- Holstein-Friesian (Netherlands) o Dominant breed of dairy cattle o Lowest percentage of butterfat - Jerseyo Highest percentage of butterfat o Very fertile and early