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TAMU ANSC 107 - Companion Animals
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Lecture 12Outline of previous lectureI. Qualitative/QuantitativeII. InbreedingIII. Line breedingIV. OutcrossingV. Cross BreedingVI. FutureOutline of Current lectureI. Companion animalsII. ToxinsIII. ParasitesIV. DiseasesV. ReproductionCurrent LectureLearning objectivesTo understand the differences in companion animal pet foodTo gain basic understanding of toxins, diseases, and parasites in companion animalsDogs, cats, horsesQuick factsThere are 360 million pets in the United States63% of households in the US own at least one pet½ of the households in other English-Speaking countries have one or more petsnumber 1 problem-obesityWhat are companion animals?What determines what a companion animal is?Emotional attachmentDogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets, gerbils, hamsters, chinchilla, snakes, lizards, fish, hermit crabs, cows, sheep and goats, chickens, horses, pigsBiggest problems in companion animalsResponsibilityDogs and cats-overpopulation problemReptiles-grow up to be large=let lose in the wildNot native to America=wipe out other wildlife populationsAquatic-people bring over different pets- release in wild=not native to AmericaAgriculture types- cute when little but grow up to be large=put back into wild (i.e. potbelly pigs)What do they provide?Love and tactile reassurance and pleasure without criticismWe provide care which allows humans to feel needed and valuedImproved quality of life regardless of type of petReduced blood pressureAssociated industriesVeterinary careSmall animals go to vet-vet makes $$Commodity/Agriculture animals (sheep)-do not go to vet-farmer fixes itAgricultural productMay not be profitable to go to vetPet foods-20+ billionPet treats 2.5 billionHelps agricultureMade of byproductsPet servicesPet suppliesPet health care productsNutrition and HealthNutritional health problems are the most common causes of companion animal ailmentsObesity is a major problem in dogsLeads to bone/join problemsBreathing problemsHeart problemsType of pet foodYou get what you pay forPrice associated with quality of pet foodGrain versus meat bases ingredientsCat food that includes the amino acid TaurineCats also need arginineBetter pet foods formulated for a particular petWe do more for pet nutrition than human nutritionType of pet foodsPopular brandsName brand recognitionModerate to high qualityHighly palatableSometimes concerned with cost versus ingredientsWhat are the positives of this food?PremiumSold through specialty stores or veterinariansHigh quality with different formulas for different stages of pet lifeHigher priced, fixed formula dietsWhat are the positives of this foodMiscellaneousDry (10-12%) (stored longer)Semi moistHigh moisture (70-75%) (mostly water)What are the good and bad?PalatabilityAdditives-dyes (added for humans-dogs are colorblind and cats are nearly colorblind)Not all are completely balancedCommon Feeding problemsOverfeeding or underfeeding30-40% of dogs and cats overweightfeeding the wrong food (dog food to a cat)cats need taurine, cant utilize beta carotene from plant sourcescats cant metabolize propylene glycolfeeding high sugar snacksNot enough clean water (especially cats)Leads to urinary problemsFeeding chocolate to dogsFeeding canned dog food to catsCats cannot metabolize the preservatives used in dog foodsAntifreeze toxicity-#1 killer of house dogsContains ethylene glycol, a sweet substance causing it to be consumedOne teaspoon can kill a small dog or catMetabolites of ethylene glycol causes rapid destruction of cells in renal tubulesKidneys cannot metabolizeRodenticides-rat poisonInhibit production of clotting factors resulting in animals bleeding to deathPesticidesMore common in cats due to lower activity of liver enzymesPlant toxicityMore toxic in catsEater liliesTiger liliesDay liliesChocolate poisoningChocolate contains theobromineThe darker the chocolate is, the more theobromine it containsDogs cant metabolize this productFour ounces can kill a small dogParasitesFleasBlood feeding insects with hind legs developed for jumpingSigns-itching, scratching, chewing, hair lossTreatment-monthly prevention of another form that interrupts the flea life cycleTicksWeakens host by sucking blood and transmitting diseases such as Lymes disease and rocky mountain spotted feverSigns-visibility of the tick itself, appearance of feeding cavities where the tick has detachedTreatment-amitraz collars or fipronil or permetherin (toxic to cats) spot treatments of sprays. Usually paired with tick control in the animals environmentTapewormsNarrow, long flat parasite that use an intermediate host. Most common form of tapeworm infestation is caused by ingestion of fleasSigns-intestinal cramping and diarrhea, but often go unnoticedWhite in poop-eggsProglodidsTreatment-hard to treat due to re-infestation, treated with several rounds of a dewormer, such as EpsiprantelRoundwormsLive in the intestines of animals.Signs-dull hair, pot-bellied, weight loss, coughing, vomiting of adult worms, diarrheaTreatment-several rounds of dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2-3 weeks apartHookwormsFound in intestinesFeed by puncturing blood vessels-BLOOD SUCKERSSigns-diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weakness, pale mucus membranes, anemia, deathTreatment-several rounds of a dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2-3 weeks apart.WhipwormsSmall parasite that only affects dogs-small intestinesSigns-diarrhea, weight loss, and electrolyte abnormalities that may cause seizuresTreatment-dewormer containing tenbendazole once a day for three daysDispose of any foods or toys that may contain whipworm eggsHeartwormsParasite that as adults live in the right chamber of the heart where carbon dioxide is removed from and oxyben is affed to the bloodMicrofilaria (baby heartworms) are passed from host to host by mosquitoSigns-deep chest cough, fatigue and lethargy, weight loss, labored respiration, abdominal distention or bloatingTreatment-very risky and expensiveConsists of drug administered through IV for several days in a row to slowly kill the adult heartwormPrevention-monthly pill (must kill worms slowly)Canine infectious diseasesCanine distemperCanine hepatitisCanine parvovirus#1 killer in puppiesCanine coronavirusRabiesMust go to vetFeline infectious diseaseFeline infectious peritonitisFeline rhinotracheitisFeline leukemia virusRabiesZoonosisRabiesSalmonellaLymes diseaseGiardiaInternal parasiteCat scratch feverRing wormFungusToxoplasmosisProtozoaReproduction in dogsBitches will start cycling after


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TAMU ANSC 107 - Companion Animals

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