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TAMU ANSC 107 - Nutrients and Feedstuffs I
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ANSC 107 1nd EditionLecture 21 Outline of previous lecture I. Digestion a. Monogastric b. Ruminant II. Urea cycle Outline of current lecture I. NutritionII. Water III. LipidsIV. VFAV. CarbsVI. Vitaminsa. A, D, E, K, B, ThiaminCurrent lecture 1. Nutritiona. The study of how the body uses nutrients in feed to sustain life and for productive purposes b. 50-80% of total cost in livestock production is feed related2. Nutrient a. A component of feed that aids in the support of life3. Feeda. Any material after ingestion by the animal, is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilized b. Not all feed is utilized i. If it was true we would have 100% efficient 4. MaintenanceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. What to consume to maintain body weight 5. Dieta. What feeding6. Ad libituma. Buffet7. Limit feda. Limited on what you can eat 8. Components of animals feeda. Waterb. Dry matteri. Inorganic matterii. Organic matter1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Protein 4. Vitamins 9. Watera. Functioni. Transportation of nutrients and metabolic wasteii. Chemical reactioniii. Regulation of body temperatureb. Sourcesi. Drinking waterii. Water in feed 1. 30% is wateriii. Metabolic water1. Chemical reaction10. Routes of water lossa. Urineb. Fecesc. Vaporization from lungs and dissipation through the skind. Sweat through sweat glands11. Factor affecting water intakea. Temperaturei. Hot drink more b. Feed typei. Dryer feed more water needc. Pasture d. Water type (quality): good vs. bade. Stage of productioni. Most water intake is during lactation12. Protein a. Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGENb. Structures of proteinsi. Composed of amino acidc. Expensive to feedd. Need declines with age13. High quality proteinsa. Contains complete balance of essential amino acidsb. Animal protein is high quality c. Plant protein are not always high quality d. Microbial protein has always been assumed to be balanced for the essential amino acids,but recent studies indicate that some amino acids may still be limiting 14. Undergrad able proteina. Wider array of Amino Acidsb. No limiting amino acidsc. More efficient growthd. Bypass proteine. Ex: fethermea;bloodmeal15. Lipidsa. Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenb. Structure of fat c. Glycerol backbone with one, two, or three fatty acids attached by an ester linkage i. Monoglyceride: good oneii. Diglycerideiii. triglycerided. Fatty acids (range in length from 2-24 carbon)i. Unsaturated healthy ii. Saturated (no double bonds between carbon)e. Higer energy density than other nutrients: gross energy i. Can of ensure; more energy denseii. Energy is most limiting thing in dietsiii. Fats are higher in energy than anything else f. Three fatty acids are the end products of carbohydrate digestion in the ruminant. These volatile fatty acids are produced by microbial fermentationi. Acetic (2 carbon) grass fedii. Propioninc (3 carbon) white fat high grainiii. Butyric (4 carbon)16. Volatile Fatty Acidsa. Three fatty acids are the end product of carbohydrate digestion in the ruminant b. Produced by microbial fermentationc. Energy source form ruminant i. Similar to glucose in monogastricsd. Acetic (2 carbon)e. Propionc (3 carbon)f. Butyric (4 carbon)17. Carbohydratesa. Carbohydrates contain carbon hydrogen, and oxygenb. Fromed by phostosynthesesc. Ligin: not digest i. Has beta linkagesd. Alpha linkages: are digestable18. Monosaccharides (one sugar molecule)a. Glucoseb. Galactose c. Fructosed. Ribose19. Disaccharide (2 sugar molecule)a. Sucroseb. Lactosec. Cellobiose20. Polysaccharidesa. Many sugarb. Simple carbohydrates (alpha linkage of glucose molecules)i. Amylose plant starchii. Glycogen animal starch21. Complex carbojydrates: beta linkage of glucose moleculesa. Celluloseb. Others: hemicellulose and lignin22. Classification of vitaminsa. Fat soluble vitamins i. A, e (oil), D (sun), K b. Water soluble vitaminsi. B and Cc. Roles:i. Regulates metabolismsii. Antibody synthesis23. Vitamin Aa. Found in green leafy foragesb. Beta carotene converted to vitamin A by enyzmes in intestinal wallc. Dry dormant or heat damaged forages contain little vitamin ad. Vitamin a is stored in the liver (4-6 months)e. Night blindness is associated with deficiencyf. Decreases in spermatogenesis and fetal reabsorption 24. Vitamin Da. Thought to be provided by sunlighti. Cholecalciferol-animalsii. Ergocalciferol-plantb. Functioni. Enhance intestinal absorption mobilization and retention of Ca and P into the bodyii. Rickets and urinary calculic. Very little stored in bodyd. Acts as a type of hormone25. Vitamin Ea. Tocopheroisb. Intra and intercellular antioxidantsi. Free radical scavengers ii. Prevent oxidation of lipids within membranes1. No wrinklec. Associated with selenium i. Hand to hand with vitamin ed. Help protect cells from phagocytosis and associated byproducts26. Vitamin Ka. Needed for normal blood clottingb. Watch some types of legumes, specifically clovers that produce dicumarolc. Sources are green leafy plantsd. Some production by gut bacteriai. Rat poison cure27. Vitamin Ba. Ruminant only need b vitamin when given anitbodies28. Thiamin a. Vitamin b1 is found in whole grain and starchy rootsb. Coenzymes A needed in krebs cycle c. Disease in ruminant i. Polioenceopholomaiacra1. Common in grain fiber producing2. Brain shut down, star gaze, laying down with legs


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TAMU ANSC 107 - Nutrients and Feedstuffs I

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