ANSC 107 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Kosher II. Livestock production systemsIII. Dairy industry Outline of Current Lecture I. Swine industryII. Farrow to finisha. Feeder operationsb. Farrow to wean operations c. Other types of operationsIII. Poultry industrya. Poultry reproduction IV. Market Classes and grading Current LectureSwine industry Farrow to finish  Highly valuable-very efficient  Confinement-poultry and swine  Very concerned about health issues  PEDS virus (originally from China-transferred by shoes) 2 million pigs died already- Price of pork increases 30% and 60% by spring  Animal welfare (confinement)  Farrowing Crates-illegal in California - Used so babies do not get squished by the mother These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Feeder operations  Young immature animal  Farrow-wean  Have babies then sell them  12-14 lbs.-average weaning weight Farrow to finish operations  All stages of production  From breeding to market (conception to consumption)  Breeding herd is maintained  Offspring are sent to market  Emphasis  Maternal traits  NBA and litter weaning  NBA-Number born alive  Litter weaning weight  Growth and Carcass traits  Highly heritable  Vertically integrated  OWN EVERYTHING  Make more money No more small farms-takes out middle men Farrow to Wean Operations  Sell weaned pigs to nursery-grow finish farms 10-15 lbs. 21 days old  Breeding herd maintained  High labor requirements  Big operations  Utilize AI Genetically stimulated Blood meal By product Put in animals feed Source of amino acids Fertilizer Other types of operations  Grower-finisher operations Purchase feeder pigs Feed until market weight Nursery-grower-finisher operations Purchase 21 day old pigs Protein dense feed then more to finishing program Poultry industry Vertical integration  Own everything Components of the industry  Producers Processors Marketing specialists Poultry Reproduction Sexual maturity at 18 weeks 21 days to hatch-chicks 28 days to hatch-turkey poultry Produce an egg every 28 hours  Roosters do not need to be present for hen to lay eggs General integral Time someone is born until producing off spring  Longest-Elephant Shortest-pigs, chick, rabbits Market Classes and Grading  Why do we have grades?  Higher the grade the more its worth  What do grades mean Marbling How good the steak tastes What are branded products Tyson, KFC How has marketing changed  Vertical integration  Market classes and grades are designed to accurately describe livestock that are being sold around the country Type, price, trends Makes sales understandable by all parties  Case ready products (we buy parts)Changed in Marketing  In the past-whole animal  Currently  Whole carcass vs. specific cutes or products  Global marketing  Ethnic marketing  Online sales  Changes in advertising Market Classes Groups of animals separated according to use Slaughter  Feeder Bred heifers  Pairs (cows with calves, ewes with lambs) Subclasses (allow for uniformity)  Age Sex  Weight Grades Designed to group animals according to relative merit within a market class Grades for slaughter animals generally fall into quality or cutability  Quality- denotes eating quality or palatability  Cutabilty refers to leanness or trimness  Feeder grades are subjective and utilized less frequently  Feeder cattle are described in the industry as OKIE (no brahman) or CROSSBREED (has Brahman