ANSC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of previous lectureI. Horse BreedsII. Poultry BreedsIII. The consumers product IV. Livestock production systems Outline of current lectureI. Kosher II. Livestock production systemsIII. Dairy industry Current LectureMarketing of Kosher Kosher meat- Clean animals o Split hood and chew cut except camel, rabbit or coney o Sea-only those with fins and scales - Passover - Meat and dairy - Ritualistic slaughter Halal Meat - Objection to pigso Filthy, fatty, prone to trichinosis - Sheep and goat marketo Animals die from blood loss Side effects of Ad lidmin dietThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Bloating-rumen fills with gaso Acidosis-bacteria breaks down carbs and becomes acidic  Causes liver abuse Grade choice- Tells us about eating qualityo Same size-uniformity Seedstock- Specialized Cow-Calf systems - High quality geneticso For cow-calf producer to buy - Lighter birth weight preferable so the mother calf wont have dystociaBeef cattle and the economy- Huge to economyo $66 billion added value to the US economy o Must keep diseases down Beef cattle issues and misconceptions- Food safety- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)-o Cattle-Mad Cow diseaseo Humans-Jacobs Crutch-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)o Sheep-Scrapie  Prione proteins-affect brain - Hormonal implants/growth promotions- Feed additives - Antibiotics- Organic vs. normal- Grain vs. grass fed- Industry integration- Imports Dairy Industry Dairy- Top dairy breedso Holstein - Most highly specialized industry- Leading states o California 40.6 billion lbs/yr o Wisconsin 26o Idaho 12.7o New York 12.2 - Cant sell untested raw milko Specialization- NE coast Typical Large dairy- 1000-10,000+ Cows- Milk continuously - Corporate farms- Located in dry climateso Grasso Rainfallo Milk is perishable - Large scale savings- **#1 most use of sex semen Typical Small U.S. Dairy- 100-300 Cowso Not enough land for more cattle o England Tourism Milk quotas-cant go over certain amount Texas Dairies- National Average 20,575 lbs. milk/cowo 1 lb.=8 gallons - Environmento Rain, rivers, streams - 7th in dairy production- 6th in diary cow numbers - Smell=problemDry Dairy farm- Sheds Milking Parlor (rotary)- More efficient What improved? - Genetics-AI- Feeds - Health - Management - DHIA- Dairy Herd Improvement Assoc. - Production per cow 22,000 lbs. per lactationo Marketing  Got milk? Yogurt Milk cow operations - Decreased over past 10 year period Milk production - Increased over past 10 yearRate per cow- 13% increase Phase of pregnancy- Calving- Bred 1-2.5- Dry matter intake/Body weigh regain o Decreases 6-10 Calf take more room in womb-mother cant eat as much Cow Health Issues- Mastitis-inflammation of the udder caused by bacterial infectiono Number one cause of economic loss - Ketosis- energy shortage due to metabolic problems (not enough energy)- Milk fever-low blood calcium causing muscle weakness/ at or near calving - Calf scours-caused by bacteria- Pneumonia-respiratory diseaseo Prevented by maintaining clean and sanitary conditions and insuring adequate colostrum’s intake Sheep-Ovis aries- 1880-1940 Peak number in the US (45 mil)o WWI and WWII Goats-Capra Hircus - 1920-1990-Angora and Spanish goats were predominant - 1990—2000-Introduction of Boer Goats from South Africa Sheep and Goats- Flocking necessary (no fences, utilize herder- Edwards plateau, Texas-intermountain stateso California, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho (dry areas) - Feed costs are main expense in productiono Sheep prefer forbes grass, browseo Goats prefer brose, forbes, grasso Cattle prefer grass, forbes , browse - Efficient use of land combines all species- Incomeo Lamb and kid production are primary economic return- Leading stateso Texas o Californiao Wyoming - Predators are growing problem (coyote, eagle, bobcat, fox)- Internal parasiteso Haemonchus contortus Barber wormo Limit production in high rainfall areaso Select for parasite resistant animals World leaders in production-