ANSC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of previous lecture I Qualitative Quantitative II Inbreeding III Line breeding IV Outcrossing V Cross Breeding VI Future Outline of Current lecture I Companion animals II Toxins III Parasites IV Diseases V Reproduction Current Lecture Learning objectives To understand the differences in companion animal pet food To gain basic understanding of toxins diseases and parasites in companion animals o Dogs cats horses These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Quick facts There are 360 million pets in the United States 63 of households in the US own at least one pet of the households in other English Speaking countries have one or more pets o number 1 problem obesity What are companion animals What determines what a companion animal is o Emotional attachment Dogs cats rabbits ferrets gerbils hamsters chinchilla snakes lizards fish hermit crabs cows sheep and goats chickens horses pigs Biggest problems in companion animals Responsibility Dogs and cats overpopulation problem Reptiles grow up to be large let lose in the wild o Not native to America wipe out other wildlife populations Aquatic people bring over different pets release in wild not native to America Agriculture types cute when little but grow up to be large put back into wild i e potbelly pigs What do they provide Love and tactile reassurance and pleasure without criticism We provide care which allows humans to feel needed and valued Improved quality of life regardless of type of pet Reduced blood pressure Associated industries Veterinary care o Small animals go to vet vet makes o Commodity Agriculture animals sheep do not go to vet farmer fixes it o Agricultural product o May not be profitable to go to vet Pet foods 20 billion Pet treats 2 5 billion o Helps agriculture Made of byproducts Pet services Pet supplies Pet health care products Nutrition and Health Nutritional health problems are the most common causes of companion animal ailments Obesity is a major problem in dogs o Leads to bone join problems o Breathing problems o Heart problems Type of pet food You get what you pay for o Price associated with quality of pet food o Grain versus meat bases ingredients Cat food that includes the amino acid Taurine o Cats also need arginine Better pet foods formulated for a particular pet We do more for pet nutrition than human nutrition Type of pet foods Popular brands o Name brand recognition o Moderate to high quality o Highly palatable o Sometimes concerned with cost versus ingredients o What are the positives of this food Premium o Sold through specialty stores or veterinarians o High quality with different formulas for different stages of pet life o Higher priced fixed formula diets o What are the positives of this food Miscellaneous o Dry 10 12 stored longer o Semi moist o High moisture 70 75 mostly water o What are the good and bad Palatability Additives dyes added for humans dogs are colorblind and cats are nearly colorblind Not all are completely balanced Common Feeding problems Overfeeding or underfeeding o 30 40 of dogs and cats overweight feeding the wrong food dog food to a cat o cats need taurine cant utilize beta carotene from plant sources o cats cant metabolize propylene glycol feeding high sugar snacks Not enough clean water especially cats o Leads to urinary problems Feeding chocolate to dogs Feeding canned dog food to cats o Cats cannot metabolize the preservatives used in dog foods Antifreeze toxicity 1 killer of house dogs Contains ethylene glycol a sweet substance causing it to be consumed One teaspoon can kill a small dog or cat Metabolites of ethylene glycol causes rapid destruction of cells in renal tubules o Kidneys cannot metabolize Rodenticides rat poison Inhibit production of clotting factors resulting in animals bleeding to death Pesticides More common in cats due to lower activity of liver enzymes Plant toxicity More toxic in cats Eater lilies Tiger lilies Day lilies Chocolate poisoning Chocolate contains theobromine The darker the chocolate is the more theobromine it contains Dogs cant metabolize this product Four ounces can kill a small dog Parasites Fleas o Blood feeding insects with hind legs developed for jumping o Signs itching scratching chewing hair loss o Treatment monthly prevention of another form that interrupts the flea life cycle Ticks o Weakens host by sucking blood and transmitting diseases such as Lymes disease and rocky mountain spotted fever o Signs visibility of the tick itself appearance of feeding cavities where the tick has detached o Treatment amitraz collars or fipronil or permetherin toxic to cats spot treatments of sprays Usually paired with tick control in the animals environment Tapeworms o Narrow long flat parasite that use an intermediate host Most common form of tapeworm infestation is caused by ingestion of fleas o Signs intestinal cramping and diarrhea but often go unnoticed White in poop eggs Proglodids o Treatment hard to treat due to re infestation treated with several rounds of a dewormer such as Epsiprantel Roundworms o Live in the intestines of animals o Signs dull hair pot bellied weight loss coughing vomiting of adult worms diarrhea o Treatment several rounds of dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2 3 weeks apart Hookworms o Found in intestines o Feed by puncturing blood vessels BLOOD SUCKERS o Signs diarrhea vomiting poor appetite weakness pale mucus membranes anemia death o Treatment several rounds of a dewormer containing pyrantel pamoate 2 3 weeks apart Whipworms o Small parasite that only affects dogs small intestines o Signs diarrhea weight loss and electrolyte abnormalities that may cause seizures o Treatment dewormer containing tenbendazole once a day for three days Dispose of any foods or toys that may contain whipworm eggs Heartworms o Parasite that as adults live in the right chamber of the heart where carbon dioxide is removed from and oxyben is affed to the blood Microfilaria baby heartworms are passed from host to host by mosquito o Signs deep chest cough fatigue and lethargy weight loss labored respiration abdominal distention or bloating o Treatment very risky and expensive Consists of drug administered through IV for several days in a row to slowly kill the adult heartworm o Prevention monthly pill must kill worms slowly Canine infectious diseases Canine distemper Canine hepatitis Canine