NUTR 202 1st Edition Lecture 13 Ch 7 VitaminsStructure• Organic molecules, not atoms (contain carbon)• Individual Units• NOT linked together – i.e. NOT building blocks like for glucose, fatty acids, amino acidsFunction: essential to promote growth, reproduction, and maintain health.• Do NOT yield energy, but regulate metabolism of energy• Assist enzymes and other biological factors that release energy from CHO,Pro, Fats = coenzymes***Amounts needed• Required in small amounts=micronutrients• Measured in micrograms or milligrams, not grams• Water-soluble• Move directly into blood• Most travel freely• Fat-soluble• Enter lymph and then blood• Require transport proteins (lipoproteins)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Vitamins stored in the body are fat-soluble: Vitamins A***, D, E, K.• Vitamins that are not stored in the body are water-soluble:• Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pathothenic acid, Biotin, Pyridoxine, Folate, B12* andvitamin C. • B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the body, primarily in the liver.RDA and AI: Recommended amount of vitamins necessary to prevent deficiencies and promote health. ULs: Guide to avoid the risk of toxicity; more is not always better. Food labels: Vitamin A and C amts are required on food labels as % DV (want to have at least 10%).• Antioxidants• Vits. C, E & provitamin A• Normal growth & development• Vitamin A & D• Needed to produce ATP/Energy from Carbohydrate, fat and proteins• B vitamins• For Protein and Amino-acid Metabolism• Vitamin B6, B12, folate• Keep blood healthy• K, B6, B12, folate• Needed for bone health• Vitamins D, A, K, C• Healthy Immune System• Vitamin C, A, B6, D, folateScurvy*: Vitamin C Deficiency Disease- Bleeding Gums; tooth loss; deathRickets*: Vitamin D Deficiency Disease- Abnormal bone growthPellagra*: Niacin Deficiency Disease- Diarrhea; inflammation of skin; mental disorders and deathBeriberi, Macrocytic Anemia, Pernicious anemia, Neural tube defects, Blindness.Sources of vitamins: balanced diet, fortification/enrichment, supplements. Proteins! Vitamins in diet derived from foods consumed, few synthesized in GI tract (i.e. B12,
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