NUTR 202 1nd EditionLecture 12Ch6 continued Best food sources of protein:Animal Foods: Most Concentrated Sources of Protein• Eggs, Meat, Fish and Poultry= one ounce equals 7 grams of protein• Dairy Products: 1 serving= 1 cup of milk= 8 grams of protein• Low in fiber, high in cholesterol & saturated fats• Source of B vitamins, iron, zinc, calcium (absorbable form)Plant Foods: Less Concentrated Sources of Protein• Nuts**, Legumes**, Grains, Vegetables • Low in fiber, high in cholesterol & saturated fats• Source of some B vitamins, iron, zinc, calcium (less absorbable form)• Excellent sources of fiber, phytochemicals, and unsaturated fats.Protein quality: Is a measure of how good the protein in a food is… at providing the essential amino acids the body needs to synthesize proteins. Digestibility & amino acid profile determine protein quality:• 70-90% from plant digested vs. 90-99% from animalProteins that contain all of the essential amino acids with some nonessential ones: Complete dietary proteins=High Quality!• Examples: animal proteins, soy, possibly quinoaProteins that are low in one or more essential amino acids: INCOMPLETE PROTEINS• Example: Plant proteins Plant proteins “upgraded” or made complete by adding: “complementary proteins”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Complementary Proteins  same quality as eating piece of steak. • Dietary Guidelines 2010 recommend that we choose a variety of protein foods, includingseafood, lean meat and poultry, eggs, beans, soy products, and unsalted nuts and seeds.• Eat both animal and plant proteins• Go with beans• Get protein without too much saturated fat• Increase consumption of seafood, low-fat or fat-free dairy products.• Replace protein foods that are high in solid fats with those lower in solid fats.• Note: If you are going to eat protein bars read the food labels and check the amount of calories, sugar, and fiber.Inadequate Protein Intake: If poor energy intake continues for prolonged periods, over time, may exhibit symptoms of protein deficiency, ex: Edema Infections Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a term that covers a range of protein and/or energy deficiency conditions.Pure protein deficiency: KWASHIORKOR (acute) Fatty liver, diet based on glucose (corn)  Characterized by edema, especially in the belly, legs “the evil spirit that infects the first child when the second child is born”Severe energy and protein deficiency: Marasmus (chronic): characterized by wasting, emaciatedappearance, dry skin, brain development stunted, muscle wasting. Those at greatest risk: Children due to high protein needs (should be in positive N balance).Every year approximately 6 million children around the world die because they don’t have enough access to food. Every day almost 30,000 children die around the world. Elevated protein intakes over long periods of time can result in: Hydration and kidney function issues Increased calcium loss in urine  Increased risk for: Heart disease, cancer, kidney stones Can displace other nutrient- and fiber-rich foods associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease: whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Food allergies are triggered when a protein from the diet is absorbed without being completely digested. Common sources of food allergies from protein in nuts & peanuts, wheat, soy, fish andshellfish, milk, eggs Autoimmune condition due to allergic reaction to protein in wheat, rye, barley: Celiac Disease Protein found in grain known as gluten This condition results in the lumen of small intestine to flatten. Gluten found in: rye, wheat, barley, and some oatsBenefits: Vegetarian diets may have lower body weight Associated with a reduced incidence of: High blood pressure Type 2 diabetes Heart disease Certain cancerBenefits may be related to a diet that is: high fiber and phytochemicals as well as low saturated fat and cholesterol