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TAMU NUTR 202 - Ch 12 Nutr from 1 to 100
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Lecture 23 Ch 12 Nutrition from 1- 100Total Calories/day vs Calories/Kg/dayAs you age, total calories will increase. (Baby <1000 calories  2500 calories).  Total Calories/day vs. Calories/Kg/day 2 year old: 1000 6 year old: 1600 As they age total Kcal/kg/day: Decrease Total Protein vs. Protein/Kg/day 2 year old: 13 g/total protein needed 6 year old: 19g/total protein needed As they age total protein/kg/day: DecreaseAMDRs: Carbohydrates:  45-65% of total E intakeFat intake: 1-3 yrs.: 30-40%, 4-18 yrs.: 25-35%. As children grow what happen with the recommendation of fat? Decrease NUTR 202 1nd EditionChildren need higher water and fluid intake compared to infant; careful to not intake fruit juice  overweight problems and also worry about timing; give food before. Water isn’t a concern because kidneys are more mature and more capacity to regulate reabsorption of water and infants loose more water through evaporation so that is a concern of infant.To optimize peak bone mass and prevent osteoporosis later in life: Calcium  Children 1–3 years of age: 700 mg/day Children 4–8 years of age: 1000mg/day 1-2 cups of milkTo enhance Ca absorption: Vitamin D - RDA: 600 IU (15 µg) Iron - related to memory and brain development; role for growth and prevention of anemia! 1-3 years old need 7mg/d; 4-8 years old need 8mg/day. Eat lean meats and fortified cereals. Role of parent when developing healthy eating habits: when to eat, where to eat, and what foods are offered= should be nutrient dense***. Children should decide what to eat, how much to eat, and should be allowed to stop eating when full.PA should be in form of play; eat all food groups: do not give sweet stuff in the beginning; maintain healthy food items in household.Need meals, snacks, routine meal patterns, expose to variety, do not skip breakfast, and avoid choking foods. Sit down for meals, not during playtime. Research says that you must expose a food item to a child in order to say if they like it or not. Cook together, make it enjoyable family time.Definitely want to prioritize with school aged children= greater risk in comparison.WeightStatusCategoryPercentileRange (P)Underweight Less than 5 PHealthy Weight5P- <85POverweight >85P- <95PObese ≥95PWe do not use the same BMI parameters as in adults. If obese  vicious cycle, low self-esteem, need psychological help. Type II diabetes nowadays is being diagnosed in children. Need nutrition intervention, educate on meal patterns, and counting carbohydrates.Metabolic syndrome: increased risks of heart disease including insulin resistance (skin color changes), higher LDL cholesterol, central obesity, and problems with lipids in bld. Ex: patches in skin (dark coloration= ACANTOSIS NIGRICANS). Higher triglycerides.Why? Because unhealthy diet, and more and more of a sedentary lifestyle - less PA. Screen time should be limited to no more than 2 hrs/day.  Approximately, how many children suffer hunger every day in the US? 17 million  What was mentioned about the fatty steaks in the arteries? 15% children has them  What is the prevalence of childhood obesity? 33% prevalence What are some concerns mentioned about the school meals? And what would you recommend to improve those concerns? Change unhealthy options; get more equipment to make healthier options. There is not enough money in the budget - food service manager has less than $2. WHAT ARE SOME POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO COMBAT FOOD INSECURITY & OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN?NSLP- federally assisted meal program by the USDA to support low-income children that live below the 130% poverty level. What are the New Standards and Nutrition Requirements of the NSLP? Minimum requirements for Protein, Energy, Vitamins A & C, Iron, Calcium (PAEICC). Weight loss is rarely recommended, restrictions should be mild, offer nutrient dense food, increase PA at lease an hour, and reduce screen time. FARM TO SCHOOL PROGRAM- educate school cafeteria, provide education in classroom, increase fruits and vegetables in cafeteria  promote behavioral change. Ex: marketing for pick of the month - different activities that used school gardens and still use math and science integration. Adolescent Growth: females spurt first. Male has less fat, more LBM. Energy needs: Greater during adolescent years compared to adults Boys > girls Protein needs: Per kilogram of body weight, girls and boys the same Ages 9-13: 0.95 g/kg; 14-18: 0.85g/kgIn the 1700s, puberty occurred at about age 16…today, puberty is occurring earlier...it may be because kids are gaining too much fat, which stimulates their hormones to rise earlier than they should. Concerns for adolescents: time of independence, changed behaviors, unhealthy food choices, eating disorders,and vegetarian diets- doesn't always equal healthy. (Peer pressure involved). Vitamin needs:  B vitamins: Increased needs due to increased energy metabolism Vitamin B6: Protein synthesis Vitamin B12 and folate: Cell division Low-Dairy & Low Sun: Risk deficiencies Riboflavin & Vitamin DNeed more Ca for growth and development compared to children, low intake may lead to low peak bone mass and put you at risk for osteoporosis (determines future length of mature bone).Soft drinks are replacing nutrient dense products = bad. Teenagers need more IRON for HB and


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TAMU NUTR 202 - Ch 12 Nutr from 1 to 100

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