CBIO 2200 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Hormones II Phosphate Homeostasis III Factors Affecting Bone IV Fractures and Their Repairs V Bones of the Skeletal System VI The Skull VII General Functions of the Vertebral Column VIII Vertebrae Abnormalities IX 7 Cervical Vertebrae Outline of Current Lecture I Movements of Synovial Joints II The Shoulder Joint III The Elbow Joint IV Knee Joint V Arthritis Current Lecture I Movements of Synovial Joints a Flexion and Extension of Synovial Joints i Flexion ii Extension These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III iii Hyperextension beyond normal range of extension 1 Can cause injuries to ligaments iv Zero position anatomical position point from which we talk about movement movement deviates from 0 position b Abduction and Adduction i Abduction away from midline 1 Hyper abduction ii Adduction toward midline 1 Hyper adduction goes past midline c Elevation and Depression i Elevation of shoulders ii Depression of shoulders d Protraction and retraction e Circumduction involves flexion abduction adduction includes almost all other movements f Supination and Pronation i Primarily forearm movement ii Supination rotate away from midline iii Pronation rotate toward midline g Special movements of H LOOK UP h Special movements of hand and digits i Abduction of the fingers ii Adduction of the fingers iii Flexion of the thumb iv Extension of thumb i Special movements of the foot i Dorsiflexion flexing upwards ii Plantar flex pointing foot iii Inversion turning foot inward toward midline iv Eversion turning plantar surfaces out away from midline The shoulder joint a A k a Glenohumeral humeroscapular joint b Most moveable joint in body c It is very susceptible to injury due to wide range of motion d Ligaments and tendons hold it together i Biceps brachii tendon anteriorly and rotator cuff tendons ii Rotator cuff muscles SITS know 1 Supraspinatous muscle 2 Teres minor muscle 3 Subscapularis muscle 4 Infraspinatous muscle The Elbow Joint a Composed of two articulations IV V i Humeroulnar joint ii Humeroradial joint 1 Both enclosed by single joint capsule b Ulnar nerve around elbow what we call the funny bone Knee joint most complex joint a Tibiofemoral knee joint between tibia and femur i Diarthrotic joint b Patellofemoral joint between patella and femur i Sliding joint c Tears in the Menisci i Radial tear ii Bucket handle tear iii Parrot s beak tear iv Horizontal tear v Root tear vi Degenerative tear d Popliteal region back of knee e Anterior cruciate ligament when this is loose causes hyperextension f Posterior cruciate ligament keeps femur and tibia from shift backwards g Injuries and Arthroscopic surgery i Most common injuries most from sports 1 Meniscus 2 Anterior cruciate ligament ACL Arthritis a Inflammation of the joints b Two main types i Osteoarthritis OA wear and tear most common type 1 Often get bone spurs little pieces of bone that stick out caused by pressure in abnormal places ii Rheumatoid Arthritis RA autoimmune disorder against the joint tissues synovial joint causes body to produce antibodies 1 Ankylosis joints begin to fuse together 2 Inflammation of membranes around heart and lungs
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