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UGA CBIO 2200 - Reflexes and Spinal Cord Trauma
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CBIO 2200 1nd Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Refractory PeriodII. Chemical SynapsesIII. Memory and Synaptic Plasticity IV. Common Degenerative Disorders of the BrainOutline of Current Lecture I. Dermatomes and Cutaneous InnervationII. DiseasesIII. ReflexesIV. Spinal Cord TraumaCurrent LectureI. Dermatomes and Cutaneous Innervationa. Dermatomeb. Dermatome mapi. C1 vertebrae1. Does not innervate skin2. Only spinal nerve without dermatome3. Not included on mapII. Diseasesa. Shinglesi. Chickenpox – causes shingles, stays in body once you’ve had itii. Caused by varicella-zoster virusiii. Virus remains for life in the posterior root gangliaiv. Shingles (herpes zoster) 1. Stress can bring it on2. Breakout in dermatome of spinal nerve where virus has been activated These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Characterized by blisters or skin discoloration III. Reflexesa. Four propertiesi. Require stimulationii. Quickiii. Involuntaryiv. Stereotyped – happen same way every timeb. Learned vs. unlearned reflexesi. Learned: ex – Pavlov’s dogc. Pathway of Reflex arci. Somatic receptorsii. Afferent nerve fibersiii. Integrating center (involves interneurons)iv. Efferent nerve fibersv. Effectors – glands or musclesd. The muscle spindle = stretch receptori. Muscle spindle – stretch receptors embedded in skeletal musclesii. Propioceptors – monitoring body position and movement of body partsiii. Intrafusal fibers – muscle fibers within spindle; receive informationiv. Extrafusal fibers – do the workv. Three classes of nerve fibers1. One primary afferent nerve fiber2. Up to eight secondary afferent fibers3. Gamma motor neurons – innervate intrafusal fiberse. Somatic reflexesi. Stretch (myotatic) reflex – stretch receptor activated 1. Patellar tendon reflex – reflex test they do at doctorsa. A monosynaptic reflex – only uses one synapse (afferent sensory neurons synapse directly on the afferent motor neuron)b. Reciprocal inhibition – quads activated; hamstrings inhibited; allows muscles to work together instead of against each otherii. Flexor (withdrawal) reflex1. Quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrarwal of a limb from a painful stimulus2. Polysynaptic reflex arc – involves multiple synapses 3. Requires cross extension reflex – allows you to not fall over when lifting up foot from stepping on somethingiii. Crossed extension reflexiv. Tendon reflex1. Tendon organsa. Propioceptors in the tendon itself2. Tendon reflex – in response to excessive tension on the tendon3. Keep muscles from contracting too stronglyIV. Spinal Cord Traumaa. Complete transaction – complete severance of cordi. Immediate loss of motor control below level of injury (above C4 puts person at risk of respiratory failure)ii. Spinal shock – temporary loss of neurological activityiii. Paralysis1. Paraplegia – paralysis of both lower limbs2. Quadriplegia – paralysis of all four limbs3. Hemiplegia – paralysis on one side of body4. Paresis – partial paralysis or weakness of the


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