CBIO 2200 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. The DermisII. The HypodermisIII. Skin ColorOutline of Current Lecture I. Bone TissueII. Functions of the SkeletonIII. Bones and Osseous TissueIV. Long BoneV. Flat BoneVI. Bone CellsCurrent LectureI. Bone Tissuea. Osteology – study of bonesb. Skeletal Systemi. Bonesii. Cartilageiii. Ligamentsiv. Tendonsc. Bones and teethd. Living Skeleton – what is happening with living skeleton/metabolically activeII. Functions of the Skeletona. Supportb. Protection – protects organsc. Movement – act as levers for movement of musclesd. Electrolyte balance – calcium and phosphorousThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Acid-base balancef. Blood formation – red and white blood cells start out in bone marrowIII. Bones and Osseous Tissuea. Bone (aka osseous tissue)b. Mineralization or calcification – hardening of bone by mineralsc. Dynamic – always remodeling itselfd. Sensitivity and metabolic activitye. Four categories of bonesi. Flatii. Long – (femur)iii. Shortiv. Irregular – don’t fall in other categories (sphenoid)IV. Long Bonea. Compact (Dense) bone covers outside of boneb. Shaft (Diaphysis) – mid-section c. Medullary cavity – inside shaft, marrow cavityd. Epiphysis – knobs on either end of shafte. Spongy (cancellous) bone – under compact bonef. Articular cartilage – cartilage that covers epiphyses g. Nutrient foramina – passageway for blood vessels, nerves, etc.h. Periosteum – surrounds outside of bonei. Outer fibrous layer – right next to compact bone; contain bone stem cells (make new bone cells)ii. Inner osteogenic layer – mostly collageni. Endosteum – inside covering of bone (connective tissue)j. Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) – hyaline cartilage; covers end of epiphysis and separating epiphyses and diaphysis (this one represents epiphyseal plate or growth plate)V. Flat bonesa. Diploe – spongy layer in the cranium (also between compact bone)b. Also contains periosteum and edosteum VI. Bone Cellsa. Four principle typesi. Osteogenic cells – bone stem cells; mitotic cellsii. Osteoblasts – cells that lay down the bone; cells no longer mitotic iii. Osteocytes – mature bone cells iv. Osteoclasts – bone dissolving cells (do not come from osteogenic cell-line;from macrophage line aka hemopoetic cell line)1. Ruffled border – comes in direct contact with bone and releases enzymes that eat away at the bone2. Important in remodeling of
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