PSIO 201 5th Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture Axial Skeletion Outline of Current Lecture I Appendicular Skeleton Current Lecture Vertebral Column Spine Forms skeleton of trunk of the body with sternum ribs Encloses protects spinal cord supports head is point of attachment for ribs pelvic girdle back muscles Composed of 24 vertebrae sacrum coccyx 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae sacrum 5 fused sacral vertebrae coccyx 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae Intervertebral Discs Fibrocartilage elastic tissue discs between bodies of adjacent vertebrae Form intervertebral joints highly resistant to shock Vertebrae Body broad flat region that accommodates intervertebral disc Pedicles connect body to processes Lamina flat smooth surface on either side of spinous process These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Vertebral foramen opening between body processes for spinal cord Transverse processes lateral processes on either side of spinous process Spinous process posterior process Superior articular processes Inferior articular processes Atlas and Axis Atlas C1 1st cervical vertebra articulates with occipital condyles at base of skull Lacks body spinous process Joints provide up down head movement yes Axis C2 2nd cervical vertebra Dens odontoid process peglike projection that makes a pivot the atlas head rotate around no Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae Vertebrae begin to fuse between 16 18 years of age ends around age 30 Sacral tuberosity on anterior medial sides joins with ilium to form sacroiliac joint Coccyx usually 4 fused vertebrae Vertebrae fuse between 20 30 years of age The Rib Cage The Ribs 12 pairs connected to the 12 thoracic vertebrae in the back The upper 7 pairs of ribs true ribs or vertebrocostal ribs are attached to the sternum directly with costal cartilages Ribs 8 9 and 10 vertebrochondral ribs are attached indirectly to the sternum through the cartilage of rib 7 Ribs 11 and 12 floating or vertebral are not connected to the sternum at all short ribs The Sternum Composed of 3 fused bones the manubrium superior the body and the xiphyoid process inferior The manubrium articulates with the clavicles and the costal cartilages of the 1st and 2nd ribs The body articulates with ribs 2 7 The xyphoid process doesn t articulate with any ribs Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle Contains 4 bones the 2 clavicles and the 2 scapulae The bones are weakly attached held together by ligaments and muscles which gives great flexibility to the shoulder but not a lot of stability Clavicles Articulate with the manubrium and with a scapula Scapulae Shoulder blades each has a spine ending in the acromion process which articulates with a clavicle Anterior to the acromion is the coracoid process where muscles of the arm and chest are attached Inferior to the acromion process and the coradoid process is the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus Hand Carpals 8 Metacarpals 5 Phalanges Proximal 5 Middle 4 thumb lacks middle phalanx Distal 5 Pelvic Girdle Coxal Bones o o o Ilium Ischium Pubis False and True Pelvises o o False bounded by flared parts of ilium True inferior bounded by sacrum lower ilium ischium and pubic bones Sex Differences o o o o o o Female iliac bones more flared broader hips Female pelvis wider between ischial spines and tuberosities Female inlet and outlet of true pelvis wider Female pelvic cavity more shallow male more funnel shaped Female bones lighter and thinner Female pubic arch wider inverted letter U males arch resembles inverted letter V
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