PSIO 201 5th Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture Skeletal SystemOutline of Current Lecture Current LectureI. Articulations II. Shoulder JointIII. Knee jointIV. ArthritisWhat is an Articulation? - point of contact between bonesStructural – fibrous or cartilaginous or synovial 1) immovable = synarthrosis2) Slightly movable = amphiarthrosis3) Freely Movable = diarthrosis? – synchondrosis – following joint with least amount of movement ?Synarthrosis – “ immovable”Amphiarthrosis – “slightly movable”Diarthrosis- “freely movable”Fibrous Sutures Tibia and fibula Hinge joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlae notch of ulnaFibrous Gomphosis – (teeth)Pubic symphysis Pivot joint between head of radius and radial notch of ulnaSynchondrosis – (cartilaginous)ALL DIARTHROSES ARE SYNOVIAL Synovial Fluid Ball and socket joint (tri-axial)Synovial – structure of Diarthroses – synovial Fluid is important and healthy cartilage Synovial Fluid – lubrication, absorbs shock, cushion the jointAccessory – ligaments : Intracapsular and extracapsular, tendons, Bursae, Menisci Shoulder Joint : - Diarthrosis “freely movable” – tri axial – more prone to injury- Stabilized by 5 ligaments - Five Major Muscles : - Coracohumeral ligament, Glenohumeral Ligament, Traverse Humeral Ligament- Tendon of supraspinatus muscle, Tendon of Subscapilaris muscle - Glenoid Labrum – Suction cup, keeps it for detaching and allows rotation- ALL Extrascapular Knee Joint : - Diarthrosis “freely movable”- Mono-axial joint- Medial and Lateral menisci cushion the joint- 7 ligaments stabilize the joint:- 2 extracapsular = oblique popliteal ligament, Arcuate popliteal Ligament- 2 Intracapsular = Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate LigamentArthritis – 2 Common Types 1. Osteoarthritis (OA) – degenterative ( bone to bone)2. Rheumatoid (RA) – inflammatory (inflames synovial membrane)Rist Factors (OA):HeredityOverweightJoint injuryRepeated overuseAgingLack of physical activityNerve
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