PSIO 201 5th Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Levels of Biological organization and the Principles of HomeostasisOutline of Current Lecture II. Anatomy and PhysiologyA. Structure and FunctionIII. The 5 Characteristics of LifeIV. The 6 Levels of Structural OrganizationV. HomeostasisVI. Scientific Method StepsVII. Equilibrium Vs. Steady StateCurrent LectureII. Anatomy and Physiology – Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body (where everything goes). Physiology is the study of the functions of the body and how the organsystems work together for specific functions. ( what does it do?). III. The Five Characteristics of Life include:A) Metabolism- sum of all chemical processes – the breakdown of large molecules into small building proteins that give energy for cellsB) Responsiveness- ability to detect changes in internal and external environmentsC) Movement- includes movement of all structural levelsD) Growth/Differentiation – Cell size and material found; specialized in each cell functionE) Reproduction – Formation of new cells and individuals (gamete cells) IV. Homeostasis – keeps variables within physiological limits- Positive Feedback – the original stimulus is intensified (e.g. childbirth) - Negative Feedback- regulates back and forth to maintain homeostasis; the original stimulus is kept within limits- Cycle: stimulus > receptor > control center > effector > response > controlled conditionIV. The Six Levels of Structural Organization : 1. Chemical – atomic and molecularThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Cellular – smallest unit3. Tissue – Groups of cells4. Organ – Groups of tissues with specific function5. Organ systems – Groups of organs for function6. Organismic Level- Living individualVI. Scientific Method Steps1. Observation2. Hypothesis – “tentative answer” not a question!3. Experimental testing4. Analysis and Conclusion 5. Development of a new HypothesisVIII. Equilibrium vs. Steady StateEquilibrium requires no energy. A constant state achieved with out energy is Equilibrium. Homeostasis is the balance of equilibrium due to constant interaction of body regularity processes. Equilibrium is a form of steady state. A steady state requires a lot of energy! (e.g. PH levels in body, Keeping temperature at 98.3) Functions such as sweating are used to regulate to maintain at steady
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