Chapter 13 1 The ways in which the fugitive slave law contributed to sectional friction a It pushed northerners who wanted nothing to do with slavery to be involved If they did not help authorities and you assisted slaves you were liable for a 1 000 dollar fine and 6 months imprisonment b Because of this even moderate anti slavery leaders were willing to break the law and help fund the Underground Railroad c The Underground Railroad Uncle Tom s Cabin John Brown Raids and The Liberator all made contributions towards the tensions between north and south 2 The political impact of the Kansas Nebraska Act a Completely destroyed the peace brought about by the Compromise of 1850 b The turning point that sends the nation heading in opposite directions c James Buchanan backs the pro slavery government which angers the North d John Brown kills 5 pro slavery activists and there is chaos in Kansas 3 The difference between Republicans and abolitionists a Republicans believed that the slavery could exists but there should be no expansion of slavery into new territories and states b Abolitionists wanted to abolish slavery altogether and give black equal rights to free white men 4 The failure of popular sovereignty in Kansas Bleeding Kansas a The Lecompton Constitution failed to represent the popular sovereignty because the proslavery government tried passing a constitution into law that was not voted favorably upon by the people of Kansas b Both pro and anti slavery supporters flooded Kansas c Pro slavery Faction set up in the territorial capital of Lecompton d Anti slavery government set up in Topeka These two governments pushed Kansas into a low intensity civil war e Four proposed constitutions were sent to congress and President Buchanan supports the Lecomptin but the House blocks Kansas s entry to statehood 5 The impact of the Dred Scott decision a With the Dred Scott decision the South was given more power to expand slavery because the US Supreme Court was unable to make a ruling on whether or not blacks could get citizenship within the United States b Supreme court also ruled that prohibiting slavery to enter new territories was a deprivation of property c Because slaves were viewed and a ruling was made based on seeing blacks as property the Supreme court ruling strengthened the Southern position because it was deemed unconstitutional to restrict taking your property with you to anywhere thus allowing southerners to take their slaves into new territories d This created major uproar because it had many northerners worried that the country balance of power would shift towards pro slavery 6 The controversy over the Lecompton Constitution a A new constitution proposed by proslavery Kansasans that protected slavery in Kansas but gave residents of Kansas the option of allowing new slaves to enter Kansas b The Lecompton Constitution guaranteed the protection of slavery in the new state and received endorsement by President James Buchanon c This created large controversy because the people of Kansas voted down the constitution and thus Northern Democrats opposed the constitution because passing this constitution would go against what the popular sovereignty in Kansas wanted 7 The factors that led to the emergence of Lincoln as a Republican leader and the Election of 1860 a When Stephen A Douglas broke off with from the Democratic the southerners refused to support it This caused the Democratic party to split into two different sections b Northern Democrats supported Douglas Southern Democrats supported John C Breckinridge and the Republican Party supported Abe Lincoln c Because of his residence in a crucial state relatively unknown views and his moderate ideas Abe Lincoln won the presidency The split of the Democratic party paved the way for Lincoln s victory d Lincoln gained popularity and awareness through the seven public debates held between Douglas and Lincoln mostly over the issue of slavery e Douglas and Lincoln were running against each other for a seat in the Senate and although Lincoln ended up losing the election He did gain considerable popularity among Republicans 8 The significance of John Brown s raid a Further divided the North and the South b Brown s intention at Harper s Ferry was to take over a site filled with federal arms and arm slaves to create incite slaves to rebel The raid was unsuccessful and Brown was captured and killed c Northerners Brown was seen as a martyr d Southerners Brown a typical radical abolitionists 9 Events leading to southern secession a The election of Abe Lincoln was the final straw for the south because he did not win one southern state The south claimed that only the north shall be under his rule because they banded together to elect him and the south did not support him and thus they would not be ruled by a man that is hostile towards the institution of slavery The south would not support a candidate that they did nothing to elect b Along with this the Kansas Disaster John Brown and prominent abolitionists making northerners aware of the atrocities of slavery in the south all lead towards succession for the south c In late 1860 and early 1861 South Carolina and 6 other states succeed from the union to protect states rights and the peculiar institution of slavery 10 Uncle Tom s Cabin written by Harriet Beacher Stow The most popular antislavery narratives that Stowe decided to write against slavery after the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 The first 5 000 copies were sold in two days and within the first year 300 000 copies were sold The book became so popular that a group of southerners offered 40 000 for Stowe s capture 11 The Liberator written by William Lloyd Garrison stressed immediate emancipation and equal rights for all slaves and total political equality Supported the actions of John Brown and was a leader of the radical abolitionists 12 The Underground Railroad a was a network of secret routes and stations that led blacks into the free north Stations Places along the routes used as hideouts for slaves to sleep and eat Conductors people who guided the slaves along the trail Helped 1 000 slaves year 13 Stephen A Douglas a The Little Giant b Democrat that was the archenemy of Abraham Lincoln in Illinois c Beat Lincoln for a Illinois Senate seat but later lost the Presidential election to Lincoln 14 Charles Sumner a Sumner Massachusetts anti slavery Republican delivered a speech that greatly criticized Senator Andrew Butler of South